4 research outputs found

    Combined Experimental and Statistical Model to Understand the Role of Anatomical and Implant Alignment Variables in Guiding Knee Joint Motion

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    Kinematics variation is the inheritant part of the joint mechanics; factors such as patient anatomy, joint loading and implant alignments are all variable in nature. Improvement in the design of orthopedic implants requires a good understanding of the roles that anatomy and implant alignment plays in guiding joint motion. The proposed research focuses on describing the relationship of various anatomical and implants alignment factors with the tibiofemoral kinematics during passive envelope and walk. An experimental method to manually assess passive knee envelope was described. Principal component (PC) model was developed for the varus-valgus (V-V), internal-external (I-E) and anterior-posterior (A-P) envelope using twenty-one native cadaveric knees and the mode of envelope variations were identified. Subsequently, gait simulation was run on seventeen knees using the Kansas Knee Simulator. Effects of variation in V-V and I-E envelope and anatomy on the envelope along with the gait kinematics were assessed using another PC model. Same PC model was used to understand the effect of anatomy and the implant alignment features on the post-TKA envelope and gait kinematics

    3D reconstruction for plastic surgery simulation based on statistical shape models

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    This thesis has been accomplished in Crisalix in collaboration with the Universitat Pompeu Fabra within the program of Doctorats Industrials. Crisalix has the mission of enhancing the communication between professionals of plastic surgery and patients by providing a solution to the most common question during the surgery planning process of ``How will I look after the surgery?''. The solution proposed by Crisalix is based in 3D imaging technology. This technology generates the 3D reconstruction that accurately represents the area of the patient that is going to be operated. This is followed by the possibility of creating multiple simulations of the plastic procedure, which results in the representation of the possible outcomes of the surgery. This thesis presents a framework capable to reconstruct 3D shapes of faces and breasts of plastic surgery patients from 2D images and 3D scans. The 3D reconstruction of an object is a challenging problem with many inherent ambiguities. Statistical model based methods are a powerful approach to overcome some of these ambiguities. We follow the intuition of maximizing the use of available prior information by introducing it into statistical model based methods to enhance their properties. First, we explore Active Shape Models (ASM) which are a well known method to perform 2D shapes alignment. However, it is challenging to maintain prior information (e.g. small set of given landmarks) unchanged once the statistical model constraints are applied. We propose a new weighted regularized projection into the parameter space which allows us to obtain shapes that at the same time fulfill the imposed shape constraints and are plausible according to the statistical model. Second, we extend this methodology to be applied to 3D Morphable Models (3DMM), which are a widespread method to perform 3D reconstruction. However, existing methods present some limitations. Some of them are based in non-linear optimizations computationally expensive that can get stuck in local minima. Another limitation is that not all the methods provide enough resolution to represent accurately the anatomy details needed for this application. Given the medical use of the application, the accuracy and robustness of the method, are important factors to take into consideration. We show how 3DMM initialization and 3DMM fitting can be improved using our weighted regularized projection. Finally, we present a framework capable to reconstruct 3D shapes of plastic surgery patients from two possible inputs: 2D images and 3D scans. Our method is used in different stages of the 3D reconstruction pipeline: shape alignment; 3DMM initialization and 3DMM fitting. The developed methods have been integrated in the production environment of Crisalix, proving their validity.Aquesta tesi ha estat realitzada a Crisalix amb la col路laboraci贸 de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra sota el pla de Doctorats Industrials. Crisalix t茅 com a objectiu la millora de la comunicaci贸 entre els professionals de la cirurgia pl脿stica i els pacients, proporcionant una soluci贸 a la pregunta que sorgeix m茅s freq眉entment durant el proc茅s de planificaci贸 d'una operaci贸 quir煤rgica ``Com em veur茅 despr茅s de la cirurgia?''. La soluci贸 proposada per Crisalix est脿 basada en la tecnologia d'imatge 3D. Aquesta tecnologia genera la reconstrucci贸 3D de la zona del pacient operada, seguit de la possibilitat de crear m煤ltiples simulacions obtenint la representaci贸 dels possibles resultats de la cirurgia. Aquesta tesi presenta un sistema capa莽 de reconstruir cares i pits de pacients de cirurgia pl脿stica a partir de fotos 2D i escanegis. La reconstrucci贸 en 3D d'un objecte 茅s un problema complicat degut a la pres猫ncia d'ambig眉itats. Els m猫todes basats en models estad铆stics son adequats per mitigar-les. En aquest treball, hem seguit la intu茂ci贸 de maximitzar l'煤s d'informaci贸 pr猫via, introduint-la al model estad铆stic per millorar les seves propietats. En primer lloc, explorem els Active Shape Models (ASM) que s贸n un conegut m猫tode fet servir per alinear contorns d'objectes 2D. No obstant, un cop aplicades les correccions de forma del model estad铆stic, es dif铆cil de mantenir informaci贸 de la que es disposava a priori (per exemple, un petit conjunt de punts donat) inalterada. Proposem una nova projecci贸 ponderada amb un terme de regularitzaci贸, que permet obtenir formes que compleixen les restriccions de forma imposades i alhora s贸n plausibles en concordan莽a amb el model estad铆stic. En segon lloc, ampliem la metodologia per aplicar-la als anomenats 3D Morphable Models (3DMM) que s贸n un m猫tode extensivament utilitzat per fer reconstrucci贸 3D. No obstant, els m猫todes de 3DMM existents presenten algunes limitacions. Alguns estan basats en optimitzacions no lineals, computacionalment costoses i que poden quedar atrapades en m铆nims locals. Una altra limitaci贸, 茅s que no tots el m猫todes proporcionen la resoluci贸 adequada per representar amb precisi贸 els detalls de l'anatomia. Donat l'煤s m猫dic de l'aplicaci贸, la precisi贸 i la robustesa s贸n factors molt importants a tenir en compte. Mostrem com la inicialitzaci贸 i l'ajustament de 3DMM poden ser millorats fent servir la projecci贸 ponderada amb regularitzaci贸 proposada. Finalment, es presenta un sistema capa莽 de reconstruir models 3D de pacients de cirurgia pl脿stica a partir de dos possibles tipus de dades: imatges 2D i escaneigs en 3D. El nostre m猫tode es fa servir en diverses etapes del proc茅s de reconstrucci贸: alineament de formes en imatge, la inicialitzaci贸 i l'ajustament de 3DMM. Els m猫todes desenvolupats han estat integrats a l'entorn de producci贸 de Crisalix provant la seva validesa

    Modeling the Biological Diversity of Pig Carcasses

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    Bone Morphing with statistical shape models for enhanced visualization

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    This paper addresses the problem of extrapolating extremely sparse three-dimensional set of digitized landmarks and bone surface points to obtain a complete surface representation. The extrapolation is done using a statistical principal component analysis (PCA) shape model similar to earlier approaches by Fleute et al
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