Impressions of Interculturality and Health Care in Bolivia: Three Cases from Cochabamba

Considerable health disparities exist that result in both poorer health outcomes and relatively low accessibility of health care for the world’s indigenous populations. States and global/international health organizations have prioritized indigenous health. Intercultural health care plays a pivotal role in this prioritization. Recent governmental changes in Bolivia, a country in which two thirds of the population self-identify as indigenous, have resulted in state discourse centered on decolonization and interculturality that advocates indigenous rights as well as economic and popular democracy. Research that focuses on how intercultural policies are practiced on the ground or on how individuals are experiencing these policies is lacking. Using qualitative data gathered from semi-structured interviews of three individuals living in and around Cochabamba, Bolivia, this thesis explores participants’ thoughts and experiences of interculturality, health, and the Bolivian healthcare system. Results are contextualized 1) through a discussion of the intercultural health care literature based on Latin American examples and 2) according to two health behavior theories: Social Cognitive Theory and the Structural-Ecological Model. The results presented here raise concerns about the implementation and effectiveness of intercultural healthcare policies. Participants have noticed very little change as a result of new polices and are skeptical of the motivations driving interculturality. Additional factors, such as substantial financial barriers, impede intercultural health care. Research that investigates how intercultural health care functions on the ground and in practice in Bolivia has repercussions for health policy on a global scale. The research presented here is of public health importance because, if the goal is to improve the health of indigenous peoples worldwide, a more critical consideration of the implementation of intercultural healthcare efforts, of which this thesis is part, is necessary

Behavior Change and HIV Prevention: (Re)Considerations for the 21st Century

Outlines the evidence base for the effectiveness of HIV-prevention programs aimed at reducing high-risk behaviors. Discusses elements of successful programs, challenges and limitations, and recommendations for expanding behavioral prevention programs

A linked data-driven & service-oriented architecture for sharing educational resources

The two fundamental aims of managing educational resources are to enable resources to be reusable and interoperable and to enable Web-scale sharing of resources across learning communities. Currently, a variety of approaches have been proposed to expose and manage educational resources and their metadata on the Web. These are usually based on heterogeneous metadata standards and schemas, such as IEEE LOM or ADL SCORM, and diverse repository interfaces such as OAI-PMH or SQI. Also, there is still a lack of usage of controlled vocabularies and available data sets that could replace the widespread use of unstructured text for describing resources. On the other hand, the Linked Data approach has proven that it offers a set of successful principles that have the potential to alleviate the aforementioned issues. In this paper, we introduce an architecture and prototype which is fundamentally based on (a) Linked Data principles and (b) Service-orientation to resolve the integration issues for sharing educational resources

Alcuni abstract di articoli che trattano argomenti relativi all'eHealth

Non utile per esam

Restoring Health to Health Reform: Integrating Medicine and Public Health to Advance the Population\u27s Wellbeing

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a major achievement in improving access to health care services. However, evidence indicates that the nation could achieve greater improvements in health outcomes, at a lower cost, by shifting its focus to public health. By focusing nearly exclusively on health care, policy makers have chronically starved public health of adequate and stable funding and political support. The lack of support for public health is exacerbated by the fact that health care and public health are generally conceptualized, organized, and funded as two separate systems. In order to maximize gains in health status and to spend scarce health resources most effectively, health care and public health should be treated as two interactive parts of a single, unified health system. The core purpose of health reform ought to be the improvement of the population’s health. We propose five criteria that would significantly advance this goal: prevention and wellness, human resources, a strong and sustainable health infrastructure, robust performance measurement, and reduction of health disparities. Although the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes provisions addressing these criteria, population health is not a central focus of the reform. In order to guide health reform implementation and to inform future health reform efforts, we offer three major policy reforms: changing the environment to incentivize healthy behavioral choices, strengthening the public health infrastructure at the state and local levels, and developing a health-in-all policies strategy that would engage multiple agencies in improving health incomes. Adopting these reforms would facilitate integration and dramatically improve the population’s health, particularly when compared to the health gains likely to be realized from a continued focus on access to health care services