‘Hombres-mujeres’, ‘mujeres-hombres’: reflexiones sobre la realidad ‘trans’, en la relectura diversa e incluyente de los cronistas y las esculturas de la Colombia antigua

Contexto: en las últimas décadas se ha visto un cambio sobre los conceptos de diversidad sexual, específicamente hacia lo ‘transexual’; de hecho, con la evidencia sobre la etiología neuroendocrina de la diversidad sexual, la comunidad médica ha empezado a redefinir sus conceptos tradicionales respecto a la sexualidad humana, como lo demuestran los cambios al CIE-11, el cual entra en vigor este 2022. Objetivo: divulgar y sensibilizar a la comunidad médica sobre el tema ‘trans’, a través de una perspectiva histórica y técnica. Metodología: al aplicar un enfoque interseccional, se correlaciona con la literatura más contemporánea sobre la etiología biológica de las personas no binarias, partiendo de una síntesis de la historia ‘trans’ en las sociedades de América y las perspectivas de los médicos, quienes planteaban la desestigmatización desde más de un siglo atrás. Se continúa, de manera local, a través de la relectura y la reinterpretación de los escritos de cronistas de la conquista española y los testimonios arqueológicos de tres diferentes cosmovisiones indígenas entre los siglos XVI y XVII, en los territorios hoy conocidos como Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. Resultados y conclusiones: se exponen factores sociales y antropológicos que podrían tener una influencia en la incidencia de personas no binarias en la Colombia antigua, lo cual refuerza las teorías de incidencia multifactorial. También, se evidencia la necesidad deinvestigaciones locales enfocadas en la atención diferencial de la población ‘trans’, y así, proponer estrategias desde los programas curriculares para abarcar las posibles necesidades de capacitación del profesional de salud

Biological sex classification with structural MRI data shows increased misclassification in transgender women

Transgender individuals (TIs) show brain-structural alterations that differ from their biological sex as well as their perceived gender. To substantiate evidence that the brain structure of TIs differs from male and female, we use a combined multivariate and univariate approach. Gray matter segments resulting from voxel-based morphometry preprocessing of N = 1753 cisgender (CG) healthy participants were used to train (N = 1402) and validate (20% holdout N = 351) a support-vector machine classifying the biological sex. As a second validation, we classified N = 1104 patients with depression. A third validation was performed using the matched CG sample of the transgender women (TW) application sample. Subsequently, the classifier was applied to N = 26 TW. Finally, we compared brain volumes of CG-men, women, and TW-pre/post treatment cross-sex hormone treatment (CHT) in a univariate analysis controlling for sexual orientation, age, and total brain volume. The application of our biological sex classifier to the transgender sample resulted in a significantly lower true positive rate (TPR-male = 56.0%). The TPR did not differ between CG-individuals with (TPR-male = 86.9%) and without depression (TPR-male = 88.5%). The univariate analysis of the transgender application-sample revealed that TW-pre/post treatment show brain-structural differences from CG-women and CG-men in the putamen and insula, as well as the whole-brain analysis. Our results support the hypothesis that brain structure in TW differs from brain structure of their biological sex (male) as well as their perceived gender (female). This finding substantiates evidence that TIs show specific brain-structural alterations leading to a different pattern of brain structure than CG-individuals. (c) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 202

Social Science Researchers\u27 Perceptions of Inclusive Research Practices for Transgender and Gender Diverse Communities

Social sciences research has historically excluded or marginalized of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people. Although TGD affirming research materials can help improve relationships with TGD communities, these sorts of materials are not standard practice. The present study aimed to determine what factors influence social science researchers’ (SSR) willingness to incorporate affirming practices into their research. We hypothesized that more culturally competent SSR will view TGD affirming research materials as more affirming and be more willing to use similar materials in their work. In this study, SSR (n = 32) viewed and rated affirmation and willingness to use five affirming research materials; completed measures of cultural competence and critical consciousness; and answered questions about benefits, downsides, supportive/unsupportive people, facilitators, and barriers of using affirming research materials. Findings indicate that SSR with higher cultural competence and critical consciousness viewed some materials as more affirming and were more willing to use some materials. SSR identified TGD participant comfort and encouraging more honest data as benefits; increased time required to complete measures and participants misunderstanding measures as downsides; colleagues, advisors, family members, and institutions as both supportive and unsupportive people; access to templates and trainings and having supportive influences as facilitators; and having unsupportive influences and additional time to complete measures as barriers. Results indicate that many SSR are interested in creating affirming research spaces but lack the resources to do so. By making available recommendations for conducting TGD affirming research, SSR will be better equipped to be inclusive of TGD people