Biofloc technology application in aquaculture to support sustainable development goals

Biofloc technology (BFT) application offers benefits in improving aquaculture production that could contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals. This technology could result in higher productivity with less impact to the environment. Furthermore, biofloc systems may be developed and performed in integration with other food production, thus promoting productive integrated systems, aiming at producing more food and feed from the same area of land with fewer input. The biofloc technology is still in its infant stage. A lot more research is needed to optimise the system (in relation to operational parameters) e.g. in relation to nutrient recycling, MAMP production, immunological effects. In addition research findings will need to be communicated to farmers as the implementation of biofloc technology will require upgrading their skills

The Effect of Different C:n and C:p Ratio of Media on the Content of Polyhydroxybutyrate in Biofloc Inoculated with Bacterium Bacillus Cereus

Biofloc technology has added values in aquaculture management, both in water quality management and feeding management. As an optional feed, biofloc is capable to enhance growth due to high protein content. Bacteria, main component biofloc, can produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as reserve of energy and growth accelerator for fish. The aim of the research were to study the effect of the different C:N and C:P ratio of media on the content of polyhydroxybutyrate in biofloc and to determine optimum media to produce high polyhydroxybutyrate content in biofloc. The experiment was arranged in factorial with completely randomized design in three replications. Treatments were C:N ratio of 15, 20, 25 and C:P ratio of 75, 100, and 125. The result showed that C:N ratio and C:P ratio of media and their interaction affect the content of polyhydroxybutyrate in biofloc. C:N ratio of 20 and C:P ratio of 125 resulted in most polyhydroxybutyrate (29.25±7.376 mg g-1 biofloc dry weight). Ratio of C:N of media gave linier and quadratic responses and C:P ratio of media gave linier one. Optimum polyhydroxybutyrate production was obtained at C:N ratio of 20.9 and C:P ratio of 125 resulting in 29.66 mg g-1 biofloc dry weight (2,97%

Study on nursery growth performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) under different feeding levels in zero water exchange system

Effect of different feeding levels on water quality, growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae were studied in zero water exchange system. Shrimp post larvae with mean weight of 74.46± 6.17 mg were fed for 32 days in 300L fiberglass tanks containing 130L water at density of 1 post larvae L^-1. There were five treatments including control and four biofloc treatments with different feeding levels of 15%, 15%, 12%, 9%, 0% of body weight per day, respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences in water parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH between different treatments (p>0.05). There were significant differences in water ammonia level between different treatments (p<0.05). The maximum (0.39 mg/L) and minimum (0.12 mg/L) levels of ammonia were observed in control and biofloc treatment with minimum feeding level (9%BW/day), respectively. The highest body weight gain (1.55g), growth rate (48.50 mg per day), specific growth rate (9.64%/day), biomass gain (182.1g) and body length increase (33.62mm) were observed in biofloc treatment with maximum feeding level. The highest feed conversion ratio and the lowest feed efficiency were obtained in control (p<0.05). The proximate body composition analysis revealed an increase in lipid, protein and ash in biofloc treatments. Results showed that using biofloc technology can decrease water exchange amount and improve feed utilization in nursery culture of Pacific white shrimp. Moreover, presence of biofloc improved the water quality which led to the enhancement in growth performance in nursery stage of shrimp

Aquaculture production and its environmental sustainability in Thailand : challenges and potential solutions

Though aquaculture plays an important role in providing foods and healthy diets, there are concerns regarding the environmental sustainability of prevailing practices. This study examines the trends and changes in fisheries originating from aquaculture production in Thailand and provides insights into such production’s environmental impacts and sustainability. Together with an extensive literature review, we investigated a time series of Thai aquaculture production data from 1995 to 2015. Overall, Thai aquaculture production has significantly increased during the last few decades and significantly contributed to socio-economic development. Estimates of total aquaculture production in Thailand have gradually grown from around 0.6 to 0.9 million tons over the last twenty years. Farmed shrimp is the main animal aquatic product, accounting for an estimated 40% of total yields of aquaculture production, closely followed by fish (38%) and mollusk (22%). Estimates over the past decades indicate that around 199470 ha of land is used for aquaculture farming. Out of the total area, 61% is used for freshwater farms, and 39% is used for coastal farms. However, this industry has contributed to environmental degradation, such as habitat destruction, water pollution, and ecological effects. Effective management strategies are urgently needed to minimize the environmental impacts of aquaculture and to ensure it maximally contributes to planetary health. Innovative and practical solutions that rely on diverse technology inputs and smart market-based management approaches that are designed for environmentally friendly aquaculture farming can be the basis for viable long-term solutions for the future

Isolation of bioflocculant-producing bacteria from Penaeus vannamei ponds for the production of extracellular polymeric substances

Bioflocculants are essential polymers with their flocculating activity depending on the characteristics of the secreted flocculants by bioflocculant-producing bacteria. However, the characteristics of bioflocculant produced by microorganisms were not investigated profoundly. In order to better understand these characteristics, determination of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from bioflocculant-producing bacteria were characterized in terms of protein concentrations. A total of 51 bioflocculant-producing bacteria isolates were screened from Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei culture ponds in Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia. Screening of bioflocculant-producing bacteria were conducted through morphological approaches followed by protein extraction using Lowry assay method. The identified bioflocculant-producing bacteria includes Corynebacterium sp., Klebsiella sp., Lactobacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Vibrio spp., Neisseria sp., Serratia sp. and Yersinia sp., with the highest protein concentration of 829 mg mL-1 were attained by Staphylococcus sp. The various amounts of EPS concentration produced by different species of bacteria were dependent on their specific population growth and growth rate. Therefore, the establishment of bioflocculant-producing bacteria isolated from biofloc which showed high tendency for EPS production were performed successfully

Pengaruh Penambahan Bioflok dengan Dosis Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Udang Windu (Penaeus Monodon Fabricius 1798)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan bioflok terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan benih udang windu. Penelitian dilakukan selama 30 hari dari Juni hingga Juli 2016 di Laboratorium Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Universitas Almuslim Bireuen. Wadah pemelihara-an berupa akuarium berukuran 50x30x40 cm3 bervolume 10 L dengan padat penebaran 15 ekor per wadah. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas perlakuan A (kontrol), yaitu tanpa penambahan bioflok, perlakuan B, yaitu penambahan bioflok 10 mL dan 5% pakan komersil, perlakuan C, yaitu penambahan bioflok 15 mL dan 5% pakan komersil, dan perlakuan D, yaitu penambahan bioflok 15 mL dan tanpa penambahan pakan komersil. Parameter yang diamati pada akhir masa pemeliharaan meliputi laju pertumbuhan rata-rata spesifik harian, pertambahan panjang mutlak, dan kelangsungan hidup, yang kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan analisis variansi satu-faktor dengan taraf nyata 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bioflok berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan rata-rata spesifik harian dan pertambahan panjang mutlak. Perlakuan B menghasilkan laju pertumbuhan rata-rata spesifik harian tertinggi, yaitu 0,55±0,02% per hari, dan pertambahan panjang mutlak tertinggi, yaitu 3,7±0,1 cm. Namun demikian, penambahan bioflok tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup benih udang windu

Desempenho zootécnico de alevinos de tilápia-do-Nilo em sistemas de bioflocos com dois níveis de proteína bruta utilizando dietas comerciais

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, 2016.Diante da crescente necessidade em se minimizar os impactos ambientais decorrentes da aquicultura, a tecnologia de bioflocos (TBF) tem se revelado uma alternativa promissora. Porém, alguns detalhes ainda precisam ser esclarecidos para tornar tal tecnologia atrativa ao setor produtivo. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o desempenho dos alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) (peso médio 2,20 ± 0,43 g) em TBF e testar a possibilidade de se utilizar dietas com baixos níveis de proteína bruta nos cultivos em questão. Foram elaborados 4 tratamentos com 3 repetições cada, em incubadoras de fibra de vidro com volume útil de 50 litros, durante 2 semanas: TBF + dieta 40% PB; TBF + dieta 23% PB; Recirculação Águas Claras (RAC) + dieta 40% PB e RAC + dieta 23% PB. A dieta foi ministrada diariamente na taxa de 9% da biomassa inicial de peixes. A densidade dos tratamentos foi de 800 peixes.m-³. Um tanque mãe com 800 litros foi preparado para o desenvolvimento inicial do bioflocos. Açúcar foi adicionado ao tanque mãe com TBF para manter a relação C/N adequada para produção heterotrófica. Renovações de água foram realizadas somente nos tratamentos RAC. Os animais que receberam dieta de 40% PB obtiveram melhor desempenho zootécnico quando comparados aos tratamentos com dieta de 23% PB (PAbstract : Faced with the growing need to minimize the environment impacts of aquaculture, the biofloc technology (BFT) has proved to be a promising alternative, but some details still need to be clarified to make this technology attractive to the productive sector. The goals of the study were to evaluate the performance of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings (mean weight 2.20 ± 0.43 g) in BFT and test the possibility to use diets with low levels of crude protein (CP) in the crops in question. Four treatments were developed with 3 repetitions each, in fiberglass incubators with useful volume of 50 liters for 2 weeks: BFT + 40% CP diet; BFT + 23% CP diet; Clear Water Recirculation (CWR) + 40% CP diet and CWR + 23% CP diet. Diet was given daily at the rate of 9% of the initial biomass of fish. The density of the treatments was 800 fish.m-³. A mother tank with 800 liters was prepared for the initial development of the biofloc. Sugar was added to the mother tank with BFT to keep the C/N ratio suitable for heterotrophic production. Water changes were restricted to CWR treatments. Animals that received diet whit 40% CP had better growth performance when compared to treatments with diet of 23% CP (P<0.05). The culture medium influenced survival, which was 93.3±2.6% in CWR treatments and 99.6±1.0% in BFT treatments (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the performance of nile tilapia fingerlings in BFT is satisfactory, but does not proved favorable to use diets whit CP levels below the known requirement for this stage of development, even in BFT