Effect of using vegetable oils as quenching media for pure commercial aluminium

This paper presents the effects of rate of heat extraction by groundnut, melon, palm kernel, shea butter and palm oils on the mechanical properties of various samples of pure commercial aluminium heat treated at 200°C, 250°C, 300°C and 350°C. Muffle furnace equipped with digital thermometer and thermocouple was used for the heat treatment. Tensile strength and hardness tests were carried out using Instron Universal Tester and Vickers hardness methods, respectively. Results obtained from the experiment were presented graphically. The results showed that palm kernel oil cools faster at 200°C and 250°C, while palm oil and shea butter oil quench faster at 300°C and 350°C, respectively. Palm kernel oil offers the highest elongation at 200°C, while at 350°C shea butter oil gave the best result. The best among the bio-quenching oils in providing good ductility is shea butter oil at 200°C, while at 300°C and 350°C groundnut oil give the best result. Highest hardness values were obtained from samples quenched in melon oil between 200°C-300°C. However, these values decreased with increased heating temperature probably due to density and viscosity variation with temperature rise. Similar observations were made on most of other samples quenched in other bio-quenching oils used in this experiment. This study shows that these locally available vegetable oils have promising potentials to serve as a possible replacement for non-biodegradable mineral oils in many applications

Упрочнение трибомодификацией вермикулитом

Приведены результаты исследований износостойкости трибосопряжения «коленчатый вал – вкладыш подшипника» судового дизеля после трибомодификации шеек вала (сталь 40Х твердостью 230 НВ) композитами на основе вермикулита. В результате модифицирования на поверхности стали формируется тонкопленочное износостойкое металлокерамическое покрытие.The results of researches of wear resistance of units of "cranked shaft – the bearing" marine diesel after tribomodification of the shaft (steel 40X with hardness 230 HB) composites based on vermiculite. In the result of the modification on the surface of the steel is formed thin-film wear-resistant ceramic-metal coating

Environment friendly industrial nanotechnologies

One of the most interesting and perspective directions in material engineering of the last years is development of technology of nanocomposite materials consisting from two or more phases with precise interphase border and nanostructured materials based on interpenetrated polymer network.Israel is one of leaders in nanotechnology, not only in fundamental academic researches but mainly in industrial researches and founding start-up companies Some important results in the nanotechnology material engineering field in Israel are summarized in the paper. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2064

Effects of starch/polycaprolactone-based blends for spinal cord injury regeneration in neurons/glial cells viability and proliferation

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to drastic alterations on the quality of life of afflicted individuals. With the advent of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine where approaches combining biomaterials, cells and growth factors are used, one can envisage novel strategies that can adequately tackle this problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate a blend of starch with poly(ε-caprolactone) (SPCL) aimed to be used for the development of scaffolds spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. SPCL linear parallel filaments were deposited on polystyrene coverslips and assays were carried out using primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and glial cells. Light and fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that both cell populations were not negatively affected by the SPCL-based biomaterial. MTS and total protein quantification indicated that both cell viability and proliferation rates were similar to controls. Both neurons and astrocytes occasionally contacted the surface of SPCL filaments through their dendrites and cytoplasmatic processes, respectively, while microglial cells were unable to do so. Using single cell [Ca2+ ]i imaging, hippocampal neurons were observed growing within the patterned channels and were functional as assessed by the response to a 30 mM KCl stimulus. The present data demonstrated that SPCL-based blends are potentially suitable for the development of scaffolds in SCI regenerative medicine.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through funds from POCTI and/or FEDER programs (Funding to ICVS, 3B's Research Group and post doctoral fellowship to A.J. Salgado-SFRH/BPD/17595/2004)

The plastics sunset and the bioplastics sunrise

Plastics has been an integral part of our lives for the last century as the main material for various useful commodity items. Irony of fate, the same specific properties that make plastics ideal to create such a wide range of products are also responsible for the present dramatic environmental pollution. What suggestions do the technological innovations currently suggest to solve this worldwide problem? Among the others, one is to replace the traditional plastics with alternative materials derived from non-oil polymers capable of being degraded in months and not in years or centuries. But the research in this field is relatively new and undoubtedly there are still developments that need to be made. Thus, we must be aware that the plastic age is at sunset and the bio-plastics sun is just rising on the horizon

[[alternative]]Study on the Rheology of Biodegradable Thermoplastics-PHA and Its Nanocomposite(II)

計畫編號：NSC91-2621-Z032-002研究期間：200208~200307研究經費：468,000[[sponsorship]]行政院國家科學委員

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL TREATMENT ON RICE HUSK (RH) REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE (PE) COMPOSITES

In this study rice husk reinforced polyethylene composites and their test specimens were manufactured using a single screw extruder and an injection molding machine, respectively. Raw rice husk was chemically treated with benzene diazonium salt in alkali, acidic, and neutral media, in order to improve in the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the composites prepared from alkaline media treated rice husk were found to increase substantially compared to those of acidic media, neutral media, and untreated ones. However, the values for the alkaline media treated rice husk-PE composites at all mixing ratios were found to be higher than those of treated acidic media, treated neutral media, and untreated rice husk composites respectively. The SEM micrographs reveal that interfacial bonding between the treated filler and the matrix has significantly improved, suggesting that better dispersion of the filler into the matrix was achieved upon treatment of rice husk. Based on filler loading, 35% filler reinforced composites had the optimum set of mechanical properties among all composites manufactured

Compatibilization of highly sustainable polylactide/almond shell flour composites by reactive extrusion with maleinized linseed oil

Highly sustainable composites were produced by melt compounding polylactide (PLA) with almond shell flour (ASF), a processed by-product of the food industry, at a constant weight content of 30 wt.-%. However, due to the lack of miscibility between PLA and ASF, both being raw materials obtained from crops, resultant green composite presented poor ductility and low thermal stability. To overcome this limitation, maleinized linseed oil (MLO), a multi-functionalized plant-derived additive, was originally incorporated as a reactive compatibilizer during the extrusion process. Both chemical and physical characterizations showed that 1–5 parts per hundred resin (phr) of MLO successfully serve to obtain PLA/ASF composites with improved mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties. The enhancement achieved was particularly related to a dual compatibilizing effect of plasticization in combination with melt grafting. The latter process was specifically ascribed to the formation of new carboxylic ester bonds through the reaction of the multiple maleic anhydride functionalities present in MLO with the hydroxyl groups of both the PLA terminal chains and cellulose on the ASF surface. The fully bio-based and biodegradable composites described herein give an efficient sustainable solution to upgrade agro-food wastes as well as contributing to reducing the cost of PLA-based materials

Analysis of Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Materials Using Selected Deep Learning Algorithms

It is possible to divide the materials used in the world into recyclable and nonrecyclable. Biodegradable materials contain elements naturally degraded by microorganisms such as foods, plants, fruits, etc. Waste from this material can be processed into compost. non-biodegradable materials include materials that do not naturally decompose, such as plastics, metals, inorganic elements, etc. Waste from this material can only be reused by converting it into new materials. In this study, the classification of biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials was done using deep learning methods. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) performs steps such as preprocessing and feature extraction in classification. 5430 images were used for the dataset. 70% of this dataset was used as training data, 15% as validation data, and 15% as test data. Of the Deep Learning methods, the pre-trained neural networks AlexNet, ShuffleNet, SqueezeNet, and GoogleNet were used. For each algorithm, the performances were evaluated by classifying them as biodegradable and non-biodegradable. With this study, we can identify, track, sort, and process waste materials by classifying materials