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Benchmark problems in which equality plays the major role
We have recently heard rumors that researchers are again studying paramodulation (Wos87) in the context of strategy for its control. In part to facilitate such research, and in part to provide test problems for evaluating other approaches to equality-oriented reasoning, we offer in this article a set of benchmark problems in which equality plays the dominant role. The test problems are taken from group theory, Robbins algebra, combinatory logic, and other areas. For each problem, we include appropriate clauses and comment as to its status with regard to provability by an unaided automated reasoning program
Unconstrained Online Linear Learning in Hilbert Spaces: Minimax Algorithms and Normal Approximations
We study algorithms for online linear optimization in Hilbert spaces,
focusing on the case where the player is unconstrained. We develop a novel
characterization of a large class of minimax algorithms, recovering, and even
improving, several previous results as immediate corollaries. Moreover, using
our tools, we develop an algorithm that provides a regret bound of
, where is
the norm of an arbitrary comparator and both and are unknown to
the player. This bound is optimal up to terms. When is
known, we derive an algorithm with an optimal regret bound (up to constant
factors). For both the known and unknown case, a Normal approximation to
the conditional value of the game proves to be the key analysis tool.Comment: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference on Learning Theory (COLT
2014
Global citizenship and critical thinking in higher education curricula and police education: a socially critical vocational perspective
The re‐emergence of the concept of global citizenship within higher education (HE) after what Smith et al. (2008, p.136) have described as ‘many years of comparative neglect’ has reopened the debate about the fundamental roles, responsibilities and purpose of HE. Rhoads and Szelenyi (2011, p8‐9) argue that not only do ‘universities have an obligation to use their knowledge capacities to advance social life and to better the human condition’, but they also have a responsibility for ‘advancing global social relations’. Likewise, Camicia and Franklin (2011, p.39) maintain that universities have the ‘intellectual authority that society needs to help it reflect, understand and act’ which suggests that Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have a profound and moral responsibility to take a leading and active role in creating a more enlightened, socially just and civilised global society
Structural Analysis: Shape Information via Points-To Computation
This paper introduces a new hybrid memory analysis, Structural Analysis,
which combines an expressive shape analysis style abstract domain with
efficient and simple points-to style transfer functions. Using data from
empirical studies on the runtime heap structures and the programmatic idioms
used in modern object-oriented languages we construct a heap analysis with the
following characteristics: (1) it can express a rich set of structural, shape,
and sharing properties which are not provided by a classic points-to analysis
and that are useful for optimization and error detection applications (2) it
uses efficient, weakly-updating, set-based transfer functions which enable the
analysis to be more robust and scalable than a shape analysis and (3) it can be
used as the basis for a scalable interprocedural analysis that produces precise
results in practice.
The analysis has been implemented for .Net bytecode and using this
implementation we evaluate both the runtime cost and the precision of the
results on a number of well known benchmarks and real world programs. Our
experimental evaluations show that the domain defined in this paper is capable
of precisely expressing the majority of the connectivity, shape, and sharing
properties that occur in practice and, despite the use of weak updates, the
static analysis is able to precisely approximate the ideal results. The
analysis is capable of analyzing large real-world programs (over 30K bytecodes)
in less than 65 seconds and using less than 130MB of memory. In summary this
work presents a new type of memory analysis that advances the state of the art
with respect to expressive power, precision, and scalability and represents a
new area of study on the relationships between and combination of concepts from
shape and points-to analyses
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