Barley Variety Trial Report

There has been increasing interest in growing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for malting in Vermont and throughout New England to provide local grains for craft breweries and distilleries. Malting barley must meet specific quality characteristics such as high germination and low protein content. Both two-row and six-row barley can be used for malting, depending on the brewer’s preferences. The goal of this project was to evaluate yield and quality of publicly available malting barley varieties

Strategies to interpret the yield map: defining yield-limiting factors

Moisture and nutrient limitations, particularly nitrogen, commonly affect crop production in the grain-growing region of northern Australia. In this region, grain protein contents of cereal crops (wheat, barley, sorghum) are used retrospectively to distinguish, with reasonable certainty, crops to which nitrogen supply had limited grain production in that year. Using precision agriculture technologies, we collected site-specific yield and protein data of sorghum and barley paddocks during 1999. These coincidental maps were kriged onto a common grid, then interrogated, using regional trial data, to locate sites where nitrogen was yield limiting. The procedure, although at this stage still restricted to nitrogen, offers insight into the variation within a paddock on nitrogen supply, the likelihood of nitrogen limitations, and forms a management strategy for ongoing nitrogen application

Wheatland Conservation Area Inc. – project results from the dry Brown Soil Zone

Non-Peer ReviewedThe Wheatland Conservation Area Inc. manages and operates the brown soil zone Agri-ARM program in southwest Saskatchewan. Our non-profit organization conducts producer driven applied research and extension. The majority of the work done is large plot, replicated studies using field scale equipment. Small plot replicated studies are done to a lesser extent, as well as a few non-replicated demonstrations. Results are extended to producers at tours, workshops, and trade shows, as well as by newsletters, fact sheets, and a weekly radio segment called “Walk the Plots”. Partnerships with government and non-government organizations, as well as industry, and producers are a large part of our overall success. Since we are the only site in the dry Brown Soil Zone we run satellite sites throughout the south west in addition to the main site at Swift Current. This is to insure a wider audience and increased adoption rates by producers in the south west. These sites are located near Assiniboia, Frontier, Aneroid, and Success. Small, single study sites are also located in the area. Approximately forty trials are conducted annually involving pulse crops, forages, oilseeds, cereals, cereal recrops, and many others

Integration of Satellite and Financial Data to Model Future Economic Impact of Citrus Crops (Final Project Report)

This study analyzed the health and overall landcover of citrus crops in Florida. The analysis was completed using Landsat satellite imagery available free of charge from the University of Maryland Global Landcover Change Facility. The project hypothesized that combining citrus production (economic) data with citrus area per county derived from spectral signatures would yield correlations between observable spectral reflectance throughout the year, and the fiscal impact of citrus on local economies. A positive correlation between these two data types would allow us to predict the economic impact of citrus using spectral data analysis to determine final crop harvests

Biralık arpada farklı azot dozlarının verim, tarımsal özellikler ve kalite üzerine etkisi

This study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen on agronomic characters, yield and quality parameters at two malting barley cultivars suitable for Meander Valley ecological conditions, in 2003- 2004. Four nitrogen levels (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha )and control were used. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied at two times as pre-planting and tillering stage. A field experiment was arranged as a split plot block design with three replications. The plant height, flag leaf area, yield, thousand kernel weight, test weight, protein content were measured characters. It was obtained that Serife Hanim had higher yield and malting quality than Kaya in the region and 100-112 kg ha nitrogen level was sufficient to get reasonable yield and best quality.Bu çalısma, Büyük Menderes havzasına uygun iki biralık arpa çesidinde azotun verim, tarımsal özellikler ve kalite üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2003-2004 yetistirme periyodunda yürütülmüstür. Dört farklı azot dozu (40, 80, 120 ve 160 kg ha ) ve kontrol kullanılmıstır. Azotlu gübreleme ekim öncesi ve kardeslenme olmak üzere iki farklı dönemde uygulandı. Deneme 3 yinelemeli olarak Bölünmüs Parseller Deneme Deseninde yürütüldü. Bitki boyu, bayrak yapragı alanı, verim, bin tane agırlıgı, hektolitre agırlıgı ve protein içerigi incelendi. Serife Hanım çesidinin malt kalitesi ve verim yönünden Kaya çesidinden daha iyi özelliklere sahip oldugu ve 100112 kg/ha azot dozunun en iyi sonucu verdigi saptandı

Dryland Malt Barley Yield and Quality Affected by Tillage, Cropping Sequence, and Nitrogen Fertilization

Malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield and quality have been evaluated using various cultivars and N rates but little is known about the effects of tillage and cropping sequence. We evaluated the effects of tillage, cropping sequence, and N fertilization on dryland malt barley yield, grain characteristics, N uptake, and N use-efficiency from 2006 to 2011 in eastern Montana. Treatments were no-till continuous malt barley (NTCB), no-till malt barley–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTB–P), no-till malt barley–fallow (NTB–F), and conventional till malt barley–fallow (CTB–F), with split application of N rates (0,40, 80, and 120 kg N ha–1) in randomized complete block with three replications. As N rates increased, malt barley grain yield, protein concentration, and N uptake increased in NTB–F, NTB–P, and NTCB, but test weight, plumpness, and N-use efficiency decreased in all tillage and cropping sequence treatments. Similarly, plant stand, biomass (stems and leaves) yield, and N uptake increased with increased N rates. Grain and biomass yields, N uptake, and N-use efficiency were greater in CTB–F than in NTB–P and NTCB but tillage had no effect on these parameters. Malt barley yield and N uptake varied with cropping sequences and N rates among years. Although grain yield increased with increased N rates, NTB–P with N rates between 40 and 80 kg N ha−1 may be used to sustain dryland malt barley yield and quality (protein concentration \u3c 135 g kg−1, plumpness \u3e 800 g kg−1), thereby helping to reduce the potentials for soil erosion and N leaching and increase soil organic matter in the northern Great Plains

Dairy Manure Nitrogen Availability in Eroded and Noneroded Soil for Sugarbeet Followed by Small Grains

Efficient recycling of abundant manure resources from regional dairy industries in the semiarid West requires a better understanding of N availability in manure-amended soils. We measured net N mineralization using buried bags, and crop biomass, N uptake, and yields for sprinkler-irrigated, whole (noneroded) and eroded Portneuf soils (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) subject to a one-time manure application. Treatments included a control, fertilizer, two rates of composted dairy manure (28.4, 64.3 Mg ha–1, dry wt.), and two rates of stockpiled dairy manure (23.3, 45.7 Mg ha–1, dry wt.) applied in the fall before the Year 1 cropping season. Plots were planted to sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) during the 3-yr study. Overall, net N mineralization rates were low to moderate during winter through spring, decreased in early summer due to N immobilization, then increased to a maximum in late summer, followed by a decrease in fall. Th e mean mineralization rate (as a percentage of the added organic N) for Years 1, 2, and 3 was –4.2 (N immobilization), 4.3, and 4.8% for compost and 17.4, 17.0, and 11.4% for manure, respectively. Relative to controls, compost and manure treatments as a group increased total 3-yr net N mineralization more for eroded (1.77×) than for whole soils (1.55×). At higher rates, manure also increased immobilization and mineralization in 30- to 60-cm soil depths (below the zone of incorporation). To optimize the use of N mineralized in southern Idaho’s manure-amended soils, one should consider the type manure employed and the erosion status of the soil receiving the amendment

BARLEY YIELD AND PROTEIN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN AND SULFUR FERTILIZER RATES AND APPLICATION TIMING

The introduction of new barley varieties and changes in management practices necessitate re-evaluating nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) nutrient management and application timing guidelines. Nitrogen has a significant impact on barley grain quality and yield. However, overapplication of N can result in yield reduction, groundwater pollution, and high protein content, resulting in lower end-use quality of barley, while underapplication of N results in reduced grain quality and yield. Because S improves N utilization and enhances protein synthesis and split N application improves yield and N use efficiency in winter barley, split N application timing and the interaction of N and S may be a valuable tool to reduce N loss, increase yield, improve grain quality, and improve N use efficiency for agronomically optimal spring barley production. In a bid to provide barley growers in the Western US with an optimal N application timing, as well as appropriate N and S rates for improved yields and grain quality and reduced input costs and environmental contamination, we evaluated the effects of N and S fertilizer rates and application timing on malt, feed, and food barley grain yield and quality for four site-years in Aberdeen and Kimberly Research and Extension Centers and Brigham Young University-Idaho in Idaho for the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. Three barley varieties: malt (Moravian 179), feed (Claymore), and food (Julie) were grown at 1,980,000 seeds ha-1. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments included urea (46-0-0) applied at 0, 45, 90, 135, or 180 kg N ha-1 at planting or a split application of 45 kg N ha-1 done at planting and top-dressed with 23, 45, or 90 kg N ha-1 at heading. Sulfur fertilizer treatments included three S rates of potassium sulfate (0-0-53-18) fertilizer applied at 0, 17, or 34 kg S ha-1 at planting. Data was collected on grain yield, protein concentration, plant height, harvest heads, test weight, kernel plumpness, and N use efficiency.We investigated fertilizer rates for N and S, but S did not affect yield and yield components due to the high S concentration in the irrigation water. Plant height, harvest heads, and grain yield increased with increasing N rate for all varieties except at the Aberdeen 2021 field site, where grain yield was non-responsive to N due to the high preplant N at this location. The linear responses indicate N fertilizer insufficiency to maximize yield. Claymore had a quadratic response at Rexburg, with a maximum yield at approximately 120 kg N ha-1 rate. At the Aberdeen 2021 site, Julie responded to N and had a quadratic response with a maximum yield between 135-180 kg N ha-1. Grain protein concentration, test weight, and kernel plumpness were similar to those reported for Moravian 179, Claymore, and Julie in the southeastern and southcentral Idaho variety trials. Single N application produced similar or greater yields than split N application, contributing a 6-46% yield advantage over split N application across all varieties. Similarly, single N applications improved N use efficiency compared to split N applications and contributed a 9-25% N use efficiency advantage. For malt barley at Kimberly and Rexburg, split N application produced grains with 0.6-1.4% higher protein concentrations than acceptable for malting, suggesting an economic loss for growers as grains are sold as feed. This study demonstrated how pre-plant soil N content and N treatment timing affect spring barley yield and quality responses to N. Furthermore, we showed that the high S concentration in the irrigation water in this area negates the need for additional S fertilizer to maximize barley productivity and quality on the Snake River Plain. Split N applications are not an efficient way to increase yield, and N use efficiency for spring barley production and should be avoided in favor of a single N application at planting.masters, M.S., Plant Sciences -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2023-0