Brain Tumor Segmentation Techniques: A Review

Image processing is used widely in solving a variety of problems. The important and complex phase of image processing is image segmentation. This paper provides a brief description on some of the segmentation algorithms specifically on brain tumor MR Images. Later in this paper, simple comparisons are made between the listed algorithms. This work helps in understanding some of the existing brain MR Image segmentation algorithms better

Detection of Bundle Branch Block using Adaptive Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Neural Network

AbstractThe medical practitioners analyze the electrical activity of the human heart so as to predict various ailments by studying the data collected from the Electrocardiogram (ECG). A Bundle Branch Block (BBB) is a type of heart disease which occurs when there is an obstruction along the pathway of an electrical impulse. This abnormality makes the heart beat irregular as there is an obstruction in the branches of heart, this results in pulses to travel slower than the usual. Our current study involved is to diagnose this heart problem using Adaptive Bacterial Foraging Optimization (ABFO) Algorithm. The Data collected from MIT/BIH arrhythmia BBB database applied to an ABFO Algorithm for obtaining best(important) feature from each ECG beat. These features later fed to Levenberg Marquardt Neural Network (LMNN) based classifier. The results show the proposed classification using ABFO is better than some recent algorithms reported in the literature

A Review on the Application of Natural Computing in Environmental Informatics

Natural computing offers new opportunities to understand, model and analyze the complexity of the physical and human-created environment. This paper examines the application of natural computing in environmental informatics, by investigating related work in this research field. Various nature-inspired techniques are presented, which have been employed to solve different relevant problems. Advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed, together with analysis of how natural computing is generally used in environmental research.Comment: Proc. of EnviroInfo 201

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF STATISTICAL FEATURES OF FACE EXPRESSION IN NOISY ENVIRONMENT

This paper presents a new approach for the recognition of emotions in noisy environment. The approach presents the cascading of Wiener filter and Mutation based bacteria optimization technique (MBFO) to remove the noise from the highly corrupted face image .After removing the noise by the combination of wiener filter and MBFO technique and then detects the local , global and statistical feature form the image. Bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) is inspired by the social foraging behavior of Escherichia coli. BFOA has already drawn the attention of researchers because of its efficiency in solving real-world optimization problems arising in several application domains. In this research paper seven emotions namely anger, fear, happiness, surprise, sad, disgusting and neutral will be tested from database in noisy environment of speckle noise. facial expressions recognition system is based on a representation of the expression, learned from a training set of pre-selected meaningful features. However, in reality the noises that may embed into an image document will affect the performance of face recognition algorithms. Finally, emotion recognition will be performed by giving the extracted eye, lip and mouth blocks as inputs to a feed-forward neural network trained by back-propagation

Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Advanced Photovoltaic Systems

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are the major nonconventional sources for power generation for present power strategy. The power of PV system has rapid increase because of its unpolluted, less noise and limited maintenance. But whole PV system has two main disadvantages drawbacks, that is, the power generation of it is quite low and the output power is nonlinear, which is influenced by climatic conditions, namely environmental temperature and the solar irradiation. The natural limiting factor is that PV potential in respect of temperature and irradiation has nonlinear output behavior. An automated power tracking method, for example, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), is necessarily applied to improve the power generation of PV systems. The MPPT methods undergo serious challenges when the PV system is under partial shade condition because PV shows several peaks in power. Hence, the exploration method might easily be misguided and might trapped to the local maxima. Therefore, a reasonable exploratory method must be constructed, which has to determine the global maxima for PV of shaded partially. The traditional approaches namely constant voltage tracking (CVT), perturb and observe (P&O), hill climbing (HC), Incremental Conductance (INC), and fractional open circuit voltage (FOCV) methods, indeed some of their improved types, are quite incompetent in tracking the global MPP (GMPP). Traditional techniques and soft computing-based bio-inspired and nature-inspired algorithms applied to MPPT were reviewed to explore the possibility for research while optimizing the PV system with global maximum output power under partially shading conditions. This paper is aimed to review, compare, and analyze almost all the techniques that implemented so far. Further this paper provides adequate details about algorithms that focuses to derive improved MPPT under non-uniform irradiation. Each algorithm got merits and demerits of its own with respect to the converging speed, computing time, complexity of coding, hardware suitability, stability and so on

Bacterial Foraging Based Channel Equalizers

A channel equalizer is one of the most important subsystems in any digital communication receiver. It is also the subsystem that consumes maximum computation time in the receiver. Traditionally maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) was the most popular form of equalizer. Owing to non-stationary characteristics of the communication channel MLSE receivers perform poorly. Under these circumstances ‘Maximum A-posteriori Probability (MAP)’ receivers also called Bayesian receivers perform better. Natural selection tends to eliminate animals with poor “foraging strategies” and favor the propagation of genes of those animals that have successful foraging strategies since they are more likely to enjoy reproductive success. After many generations, poor foraging strategies are either eliminated or shaped into good ones (redesigned). Logically, such evolutionary principles have led scientists in the field of “foraging theory” to hypothesize that it is appropriate to model the activity of foraging as an optimization process. This thesis presents an investigation on design of bacterial foraging based channel equalizer for digital communication. Extensive simulation studies shows that the performance of the proposed receiver is close to optimal receiver for variety of channel conditions. The proposed receiver also provides near optimal performance when channel suffers from nonlinearities

Designing of rule base for a TSK- fuzzy system using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA)

AbstractManual construction of a rule base for a fuzzy system is a hard and time-consuming task that requires expert knowledge. To ameliorate that, researchers have developed some methods that are more based on training data than on expert knowledge to gradually identify the structure of rule bases. In this paper we propose a method based on bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA), which simulates the foraging behavior of “E.coli” bacterium, to tune Gaussian membership functions parameters of a TSK-fuzzy system rule base. The effectiveness of modified BFOA in such identifications is then revealed for designing a fuzzy control system, via a comparison with available methods

Analysis and Prediction of Student Performance by Using A Hybrid Optimized BFO-ALO Based Approach: Student Performance Prediction using Hybrid Approach

Data mining offers effective solutions for a variety of industries, including education. Research in the subject of education is expanding rapidly because of thebigquantityof student data that can be utilized to uncover valuable learning behavior patterns. This research presents a method for forecasting the academic presentation of students in Portuguese as well as math subjects, and it is describing with the help of  33 attributes. Forecasting the educationalattainment of students is the most popular field of study in the modern period. Previous research has employed a variety of categorization algorithms to forecast student performance. Educational data mining is a topic that needs a lot of research to improve the precision of the classification technique and predict how well students will do in school. In this study, we made a method to predict how well a student will do that uses a mix of optimization techniques. BFO and ALO-based popular optimization techniques were applied to the data set. Python was used to process all the files and conduct a performance comparison analysis. In this study, we compared our model's performance with various existing baseline models and examined the accuracy with which the hybrid algorithm predicted the student data set. To verify the expected classification accuracy, a calculation was performed. The experiment's findings indicate that the BFO-ALO Based hybrid model, which, out of all the methods, with a 94.5 percent success rate, is the preferred choice

Energy Efficient Communication Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

The popularity of Wireless Sensor Networks have increased tremendously due to the vast potential of the sensor networks to connect the physical world with the virtual world. Since these devices rely on battery power and may be placed in hostile environments replacing them becomes a tedious task. Thus, improving the energy of these networks becomes important.The thesis provides methods for clustering and cluster head selection to WSN to improve energy efficiency. It presents a comparison between the different methods on the basis of the network lifetime . It proposes a modified approach for cluster head selection with good performance and reduced computational complexity .In addition it also proposes BFO as an algorithm for clustering of WSN which would result improved performance with faster convergence

Novel metaheuristic hybrid spiral-dynamic bacteria-chemotaxis algorithms for global optimisation

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This paper presents hybrid spiral-dynamic bacteria-chemotaxis algorithms for global optimisation and their application to control of a flexible manipulator system. Spiral dynamic algorithm (SDA) has faster convergence speed and good exploitation strategy. However, the incorporation of constant radius and angular displacement in its spiral model causes the exploration strategy to be less effective hence resulting in low accurate solution. Bacteria chemotaxis on the other hand, is the most prominent strategy in bacterial foraging algorithm. However, the incorporation of a constant step-size for the bacteria movement affects the algorithm performance. Defining a large step-size results in faster convergence speed but produces low accuracy while de.ning a small step-size gives high accuracy but produces slower convergence speed. The hybrid algorithms proposed in this paper synergise SDA and bacteria chemotaxis and thus introduce more effective exploration strategy leading to higher accuracy, faster convergence speed and low computation time. The proposed algorithms are tested with several benchmark functions and statistically analysed via nonparametric Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests as well as parametric t-test in comparison to their predecessor algorithms. Moreover, they are used to optimise hybrid Proportional-Derivative-like fuzzy-logic controller for position tracking of a flexible manipulator system. The results show that the proposed algorithms significantly improve both convergence speed as well as fitness accuracy and result in better system response in controlling the flexible manipulator