Paper Session II-C - High-Resolution Integrated Micro Gyroscope for Space Applications

In this paper, an integrated capacitive gyroscope fabricated by CMOS-MEMS technology is presented. The CMOS-compatibility of the fabrication process enables full integration of the sensor with interface and signal conditioning circuitry on a single chip. The entire microstructure is single-crystal silicon based, resulting in large proof mass and good mechanical behaviors. Thus, high-resolution and high-robustness microgyroscopes can be obtained. With a resolution of about 0.01°/s/Hz112 , the fabricated gyroscope chip is only as small as 1.5mm by 2mm including the sensing elements and integrated electronics. The robustness, light weight and high performance make this type of MEMS gyroscope very suitable for space navigation applications where payload is critical. The on-chip capacitive sensing circuitry employs chopper stabilization technique to minimize the influence of 1/f noise. The on-chip circuits also include a two-stage fully differential amplifier and a DC feedback loop to cancel the DC offset. The CMOS fabrication was performed through MOSIS by using the 4-metal TSMC 0.35 μm CMOS process. The post-CMOS micromachining processing consists of only dry etch steps and uses the interconnect metal layers as etching masks. Single-crystal silicon (SCS) structures are produced by applying a backside etch and forming a 60μm-thick SCS membrane. This work is sponsored by NASA through the UCF/UF Space Research Initiative

Contribution of Individual, Community, and Health System Factors to Health Outcomes in Inner-city African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes is a complex disease that represents a major public health challenge due to its high prevalence, its association with increased morbidity, and early mortality. Inner-city African Americans with diabetes suffer a disproportionate burden of disease due to both economic and social disadvantage that reaches across individual, community, and health system levels of influence. Central to the principles of Public Health is the “pursuit of health equity for the elimination of health disparities, specifically in accordance to the empowerment of disenfranchised community members, aiming to ensure that the basic resources and conditions necessary for health are accessible to all”. To effectively achieve health equity in diabetes for inner-city African Americans and provide the basic resources and conditions necessary for health; establishment of barriers specific to diabetes care is paramount. The current study addresses several gaps in the literature for inner-city African Americans with diabetes by first developing a framework for understanding barriers to diabetes care for inner-city African Americans that occur across multiple levels of influence. Specifically, this framework integrated two existing behavioral models for diabetes and was informed by the literature and a social ecological model for health disparities to identify barriers at the individual, community, and health system level. Using the newly developed framework, this study then examined the influence of each barrier level on two important diabetes outcomes, glycemic control and quality of life, among inner-city African Americans with diabetes. Primary data from 241 inner-city African Americans with diabetes were analyzed. Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) was collected for each participant and served as the measure of glycemic control. The SF-12 was used to capture the physical component (PCS) and mental component (MCS) of quality of life. Advanced regression methods using four approaches including sequential, stepwise with backward and forward selection, and all possible subsets regression, were used to identify factors that may be key drivers of outcomes for inner-city African Americans with diabetes. The findings showed that factors across the three levels of influence: individual, community, and health system, have a differential relationship with glycemic control and quality of life. For glycemic control, in the final adjusted model across all four approaches, individual level factors like age (-0.05; p\u3c0.001); having 1-3 comorbidities (-2.03; p\u3c0.05) having 4-9 comorbidities (-2.49; p=0.001) were associated with poorer glycemic control. Similarly, male sex (0.58; p\u3c0.05), being married (1.16; p=0.001) and being overweight/obese (1.25; p\u3c0.01) were associated with better glycemic control. Community and health system level factors were not significantly associated with glycemic control. For quality of life, in the final adjusted models, having less than a high school education (-0.78; p=0.006), and having major depression (-1.51; p\u3c0.001) were associated with lower quality of life scores for MCS across all four regression approaches. Being employed was positively associated with better quality of life scores for PCS across all four regression approaches (0.44; p=0.004). PCS was higher across all four regression approaches (0.45; p=0.004) for those reporting a history of trauma. At the health systems level, usual source of care was associated with better PCS across three regression approaches. This study serves as preliminary for understanding barriers unique to inner-city African Americans and identifying important factors that may be driving glycemic control and quality of life. Future steps need to examine the indirect pathways that may exist within this framework contributing to poor outcomes. Additionally, application of this framework for intervention development may allow for the development of tailored and specific interventions that promote health equity and improve outcomes in diabetes for inner-city African Americans

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Spatial and Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Grizzly Bear Movement Patterns as Related to Underlying Landscapes Across Multiple Scales

Studying the movements of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in Alberta is imperative for scientifically informed management practices. To properly balance industry requirements with conservation imperatives, it is necessary to understand the spatial and spatial-temporal movement patterns of grizzly bears as they relate to underlying landscape properties. As part of the Foothills Research Institute Grizzly Bear Research Program, this dissertation explored both fine and largescale movement patterns generated from global positioning system (GPS) radiotelemetry data. Between 1999 and 2005, grizzly bears were captured and radio-collared across western Alberta. The temporal resolution of GPS data collection had a large impact on the amount of information available for analysis. A significant decrease in available information was demonstrated as time between locations increased. The presence of serial autocorrelation indicated the presence of prolonged movement behavior in fine-scale vector structures. The ability to identify internal vector clusters dramatically decreased as temporal resolution decreased. The relationship between level of human activity and grizzly bear movement rate across multiple spatial and temporal scales was studied in detail. Resulting movement patterns of grizzly bears were found to be intrinsically linked to both internal and external factors. Overall, grizzly bears residing in mountain environments were found to have significantly slower movement rates and smaller home ranges sizes when compared to grizzly bears residing in foothills environments. Temporally, movement rates also varied significantly according to season, month, and time of day. These findings have significance for modeling efforts which attempt to replicate grizzly bear spatial and temporal movement patterns across Albertan landscapes. The use of time sequence graphs aided in differentiating between different types of movement behaviors and allowed for the quantification and assessment of consecutive vector data. Results emphasized that slow movement clusters occurred more often and for longer periods of time when compared to fast travel segments. While some movement-habitat relationships were identified, results were highly individual by bear. Overall models tended to respond the best when working with mountain bears over foothills bears. Results further suggested that vector-based movements should be separated according to type (slow versus fast) for future modeling efforts

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The IEEE bibliographic database contains a number of proven duplications with indication of the original paper(s) copied. This corpus is used to test a method for the detection of hidden intertextuality (commonly named "plagiarism"). The intertextual distance, combined with the sliding window and with various classification techniques, identifies these duplications with a very low risk of error. These experiments also show that several factors blur the identity of the scientific author, including variable group authorship and the high levels of intertextuality accepted, and sometimes desired, in scientific papers on the same topic