13,702 research outputs found
A survey on utilization of data mining approaches for dermatological (skin) diseases prediction
Due to recent technology advances, large volumes of medical data is obtained. These data contain valuable information. Therefore data mining techniques can be used to extract useful patterns. This paper is intended to introduce data mining and its various techniques and a survey of the available literature on medical data mining. We emphasize mainly on the application of data mining on skin diseases. A categorization has been provided based on the different data mining techniques. The utility of the various data mining methodologies is highlighted. Generally association mining is suitable for extracting rules. It has been used especially in cancer diagnosis. Classification is a robust method in medical mining. In this paper, we have summarized the different uses of classification in dermatology. It is one of the most important methods for diagnosis of erythemato-squamous diseases. There are different methods like Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms and fuzzy classifiaction in this topic. Clustering is a useful method in medical images mining. The purpose of clustering techniques is to find a structure for the given data by finding similarities between data according to data characteristics. Clustering has some applications in dermatology. Besides introducing different mining methods, we have investigated some challenges which exist in mining skin data
A Survey on Evolutionary Computation for Computer Vision and Image Analysis: Past, Present, and Future Trends
Computer vision (CV) is a big and important field
in artificial intelligence covering a wide range of applications.
Image analysis is a major task in CV aiming to extract, analyse
and understand the visual content of images. However, imagerelated
tasks are very challenging due to many factors, e.g., high
variations across images, high dimensionality, domain expertise
requirement, and image distortions. Evolutionary computation
(EC) approaches have been widely used for image analysis with
significant achievement. However, there is no comprehensive
survey of existing EC approaches to image analysis. To fill
this gap, this paper provides a comprehensive survey covering
all essential EC approaches to important image analysis tasks
including edge detection, image segmentation, image feature
analysis, image classification, object detection, and others. This
survey aims to provide a better understanding of evolutionary
computer vision (ECV) by discussing the contributions of different
approaches and exploring how and why EC is used for
CV and image analysis. The applications, challenges, issues, and
trends associated to this research field are also discussed and
summarised to provide further guidelines and opportunities for
future research
Spectral Embedding Norm: Looking Deep into the Spectrum of the Graph Laplacian
The extraction of clusters from a dataset which includes multiple clusters
and a significant background component is a non-trivial task of practical
importance. In image analysis this manifests for example in anomaly detection
and target detection. The traditional spectral clustering algorithm, which
relies on the leading eigenvectors to detect clusters, fails in such
cases. In this paper we propose the {\it spectral embedding norm} which sums
the squared values of the first normalized eigenvectors, where can be
significantly larger than . We prove that this quantity can be used to
separate clusters from the background in unbalanced settings, including extreme
cases such as outlier detection. The performance of the algorithm is not
sensitive to the choice of , and we demonstrate its application on synthetic
and real-world remote sensing and neuroimaging datasets
Medical imaging analysis with artificial neural networks
Given that neural networks have been widely reported in the research community of medical imaging, we provide a focused literature survey on recent neural network developments in computer-aided diagnosis, medical image segmentation and edge detection towards visual content analysis, and medical image registration for its pre-processing and post-processing, with the aims of increasing awareness of how neural networks can be applied to these areas and to provide a foundation for further research and practical development. Representative techniques and algorithms are explained in detail to provide inspiring examples illustrating: (i) how a known neural network with fixed structure and training procedure could be applied to resolve a medical imaging problem; (ii) how medical images could be analysed, processed, and characterised by neural networks; and (iii) how neural networks could be expanded further to resolve problems relevant to medical imaging. In the concluding section, a highlight of comparisons among many neural network applications is included to provide a global view on computational intelligence with neural networks in medical imaging
The Size Distributions of Asteroid Families in the SDSS Moving Object Catalog 4
Asteroid families, traditionally defined as clusters of objects in orbital
parameter space, often have distinctive optical colors. We show that the
separation of family members from background interlopers can be improved with
the aid of SDSS colors as a qualifier for family membership. Based on an
~88,000 object subset of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Moving Object Catalog 4
with available proper orbital elements, we define 37 statistically robust
asteroid families with at least 100 members using a simple Gaussian
distribution model in both orbital and color space. The interloper rejection
rate based on colors is typically ~10% for a given orbital family definition,
with four families that can be reliably isolated only with the aid of colors.
About 50% of all objects in this data set belong to families, and this fraction
varies from about 35% for objects brighter than an H magnitude of 13 and rises
to 60% for objects fainter than this. The fraction of C-type objects in
families decreases with increasing H magnitude for H > 13, while the fraction
of S-type objects above this limit remains effectively constant. This suggests
that S-type objects require a shorter timescale for equilibrating the
background and family size distributions via collisional processing. The size
distributions for 15 families display a well-defined change of slope and can be
modeled as a "broken" double power-law. Such "broken" size distributions are
twice as likely for S-type familes than for C-type families, and are dominated
by dynamically old families. The remaining families with size distributions
that can be modeled as a single power law are dominated by young families. When
size distribution requires a double power-law model, the two slopes are
correlated and are steeper for S-type families.Comment: 50 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Icaru
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