5 research outputs found

    Digital Government: Knowledge Management Over Time-Varying Geospatial Datasets

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    Spatially-related data is collected by many government agencies in various formats and for various uses. This project seeks to facilitate the integration of these data, thus providing new uses. This will require the development of a knowledge management framework to provide syntax, context, and semantics, as well as exploring the introduction of time-varying data into the framework. Education and outreach will be part of the project through the development of an on-line short courses related to data integration in the area of geographical information systems. The grantees will be working with government partners (National Imagery and Mapping Agency, the National Agricultural Statistics Service, and the US Army Topographic Engineering Center), as well as an industrial organization, Base Systems, and the non-profit OpenGIS Consortium, which works closely with vendors of GIS products

    Une approche pour supporter l'analyse qualitative des suites d'actions dans un environnement géographique virtuel et dynamique : l'analyse " What-if " comme exemple

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    Nous proposons une approche basĂ©e sur la gĂ©osimulation multi-agent et un outil d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision pour supporter l’analyse « What-if » durant la planification des suites d’actions (plans) dans un environnement gĂ©ographique dynamique. Nous prĂ©sentons les caractĂ©ristiques du raisonnement « What-if » en tant 1) que simulation mentale 2) suivant un processus en trois Ă©tapes et 3) basĂ© sur du raisonnement causal qualitatif. Nous soulignons les limites de la cognition humaine pour appliquer ce raisonnement dans le cadre de la planification des suites d’actions dans un environnement gĂ©ographique dynamique et nous identifions les motivations de notre recherche. Ensuite, nous prĂ©sentons notre approche basĂ©e sur la gĂ©osimulation multi-agent et nous identifions ses caractĂ©ristiques. Nous traitons en particulier trois problĂ©matiques majeures. La premiĂšre problĂ©matique concerne la modĂ©lisation des phĂ©nomĂšnes gĂ©ographiques dynamiques. Nous soulignons les limites des approches existantes et nous prĂ©sentons notre modĂšle basĂ© sur le concept de situation spatio-temporelle que nous reprĂ©sentons en utilisant le formalisme de graphes conceptuels. En particulier, nous prĂ©sentons comment nous avons dĂ©fini ce concept en nous basant sur les archĂ©types cognitifs du linguiste J-P. DesclĂ©s. La deuxiĂšme problĂ©matique concerne la transformation des rĂ©sultats d’une gĂ©osimulation multi-agent en une reprĂ©sentation qualitative exprimĂ©e en termes de situations spatio-temporelles. Nous prĂ©sentons les Ă©tapes de traitement de donnĂ©es nĂ©cessaires pour effectuer cette transformation. La troisiĂšme problĂ©matique concerne l’infĂ©rence des relations causales entre des situations spatio-temporelles. En nous basant sur divers travaux traitant du raisonnement causal et de ses caractĂ©ristiques, nous proposons une solution basĂ©e sur des contraintes causales spatio-temporelles et de causalitĂ© pour Ă©tablir des relations de causation entre des situations spatio-temporelles. Finalement, nous prĂ©sentons MAGS-COA, une preuve de concept que nous avons implĂ©mentĂ©e pour Ă©valuer l’adĂ©quation de notre approche comme support Ă  la rĂ©solution de problĂšmes rĂ©els. Ainsi, les principales contributions de notre travail sont: 1- Une approche basĂ©e sur la gĂ©osimulation multi-agent pour supporter l’analyse « What-if » des suites d’actions dans des environnements gĂ©ographiques virtuels. 2- L’application d’un modĂšle issu de recherches en linguistique Ă  un problĂšme d’intĂ©rĂȘt pour la recherche en raisonnement spatial. 3- Un modĂšle qualitatif basĂ© sur les archĂ©types cognitifs pour modĂ©liser des situations dynamiques dans un environnement gĂ©ographique virtuel. 4- MAGS-COA, une plateforme de simulation et d’analyse qualitative des situations spatio-temporelles. 5- Un algorithme pour l’identification des relations causales entre des situations spatio-temporelles.We propose an approach and a tool based on multi-agent geosimulation techniques in order to support courses of action’s (COAs) “What if” analysis in the context of dynamic geographical environments. We present the characteristics of “What if” thinking as a three-step mental simulation process based on qualitative causal reasoning. We stress humans’ cognition limits of such a process in dynamic geographical contexts and we introduce our research motivations. Then we present our multi-agent geosimulation-based approach and we identify its characteristics. We address next three main problems. The first problem concerns modeling of dynamic geographical phenomena. We stress the limits of existing models and we present our model which is based on the concept of spatio-temporal situations. Particularly, we explain how we define our spatio-temporal situations based on the concept of cognitive archetypes proposed by the linguist J-P. DesclĂ©s. The second problem consists in transforming the results of multi-agent geosimulations into a qualitative representation expressed in terms of spatio-temporal situations and represented using the conceptual graphs formalism. We present the different steps required for such a transformation. The third problem concerns causal reasoning about spatio-temporal situations. In order to address this problem, we were inspired by works of causal reasoning research community to identify the constraints that must hold to identify causal relationships between spatio-temporal situations. These constraints are 1) knowledge about causality, 2) temporal causal constraints and 3) spatial causal constraints. These constraints are used to infer causal relationships among the results of multi-agent geosimulations. Finally, we present MAGS-COA, a proof on concept that we implemented in order to evaluate the suitability of our approach as a support to real problem solving. The main contributions of this thesis are: 1- An approach based on multi-agent geosimulation to support COA’s “What if” analysis in the context of virtual geographic environments. 2- The application of a model proposed in the linguistic research community to a problem of interest to spatial reasoning research community. 3- A qualitative model based on cognitive archetypes to model spatio-temporal situations. 4- MAGS-COA, a platform of simulation and qualitative analysis of spatio-temporal situations. 5- An algorithm to identify causal relationships between spatio-temporal situations

    Automated spatiotemporal scaling for video generalization

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    Automated spatiotemporal scaling for video generalization

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    Summarization: We present a technique for the summarization and spatiotemporal scaling of video content. A self organizing map (SOM) neural network can be used to acquire a rough generalization of the spatiotemporal trajectories of moving objects, in the form of few selected nodes along these trajectories. We introduce a hybrid technique, combining SOM with geometric analysis to properly densify these nodes, to better represent the spatiotemporal behavior of objects. This allows us to bypass problems inherently associated with parameter selection in SOM. We also demonstrate how spatiotemporal scaling supports the analysis of behavioral patterns. The paper shows that our novel technique is a powerful tool for the extraction of generalized information from complex trajectories, displaying high invariance to noise and information gaps in the video stream. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy potential of our generalization techniquePresented on: Image Processing On Lin
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