478 research outputs found
SoK: Cryptographically Protected Database Search
Protected database search systems cryptographically isolate the roles of
reading from, writing to, and administering the database. This separation
limits unnecessary administrator access and protects data in the case of system
breaches. Since protected search was introduced in 2000, the area has grown
rapidly; systems are offered by academia, start-ups, and established companies.
However, there is no best protected search system or set of techniques.
Design of such systems is a balancing act between security, functionality,
performance, and usability. This challenge is made more difficult by ongoing
database specialization, as some users will want the functionality of SQL,
NoSQL, or NewSQL databases. This database evolution will continue, and the
protected search community should be able to quickly provide functionality
consistent with newly invented databases.
At the same time, the community must accurately and clearly characterize the
tradeoffs between different approaches. To address these challenges, we provide
the following contributions:
1) An identification of the important primitive operations across database
paradigms. We find there are a small number of base operations that can be used
and combined to support a large number of database paradigms.
2) An evaluation of the current state of protected search systems in
implementing these base operations. This evaluation describes the main
approaches and tradeoffs for each base operation. Furthermore, it puts
protected search in the context of unprotected search, identifying key gaps in
functionality.
3) An analysis of attacks against protected search for different base
queries.
4) A roadmap and tools for transforming a protected search system into a
protected database, including an open-source performance evaluation platform
and initial user opinions of protected search.Comment: 20 pages, to appear to IEEE Security and Privac
Taxonomy of Technological IT Outsourcing Risks: Support for Risk Identification and Quantification
The past decade has seen an increasing interest in IT outsourcing as it promises companies many economic benefits. In recent years, IT paradigms, such as Software-as-a-Service or Cloud Computing using third-party services, are increasingly adopted. Current studies show that IT security and data privacy are the dominant factors affecting the perceived risk of IT outsourcing. Therefore, we explicitly focus on determining the technological risks related to IT security and quality of service characteristics associated with IT outsourcing. We conducted an extensive literature review, and thoroughly document the process in order to reach high validity and reliability. 149 papers have been evaluated based on a review of the whole content and out of the finally relevant 68 papers, we extracted 757 risk items. Using a successive refinement approach, which involved reduction of similar items and iterative re-grouping, we establish a taxonomy with nine risk categories for the final 70 technological risk items. Moreover, we describe how the taxonomy can be used to support the first two phases of the IT risk management process: risk identification and quantification. Therefore, for each item, we give parameters relevant for using them in an existing mathematical risk quantification model
HardIDX: Practical and Secure Index with SGX
Software-based approaches for search over encrypted data are still either
challenged by lack of proper, low-leakage encryption or slow performance.
Existing hardware-based approaches do not scale well due to hardware
limitations and software designs that are not specifically tailored to the
hardware architecture, and are rarely well analyzed for their security (e.g.,
the impact of side channels). Additionally, existing hardware-based solutions
often have a large code footprint in the trusted environment susceptible to
software compromises. In this paper we present HardIDX: a hardware-based
approach, leveraging Intel's SGX, for search over encrypted data. It implements
only the security critical core, i.e., the search functionality, in the trusted
environment and resorts to untrusted software for the remainder. HardIDX is
deployable as a highly performant encrypted database index: it is logarithmic
in the size of the index and searches are performed within a few milliseconds
rather than seconds. We formally model and prove the security of our scheme
showing that its leakage is equivalent to the best known searchable encryption
schemes. Our implementation has a very small code and memory footprint yet
still scales to virtually unlimited search index sizes, i.e., size is limited
only by the general - non-secure - hardware resources
Secure and Reliable Data Outsourcing in Cloud Computing
The many advantages of cloud computing are increasingly attracting individuals and organizations to outsource their data from local to remote cloud servers. In addition to cloud infrastructure and platform providers, such as Amazon, Google, and Microsoft, more and more cloud application providers are emerging which are dedicated to offering more accessible and user friendly data storage services to cloud customers. It is a clear trend that cloud data outsourcing is becoming a pervasive service. Along with the widespread enthusiasm on cloud computing, however, concerns on data security with cloud data storage are arising in terms of reliability and privacy which raise as the primary obstacles to the adoption of the cloud. To address these challenging issues, this dissertation explores the problem of secure and reliable data outsourcing in cloud computing. We focus on deploying the most fundamental data services, e.g., data management and data utilization, while considering reliability and privacy assurance. The first part of this dissertation discusses secure and reliable cloud data management to guarantee the data correctness and availability, given the difficulty that data are no longer locally possessed by data owners. We design a secure cloud storage service which addresses the reliability issue with near-optimal overall performance. By allowing a third party to perform the public integrity verification, data owners are significantly released from the onerous work of periodically checking data integrity. To completely free the data owner from the burden of being online after data outsourcing, we propose an exact repair solution so that no metadata needs to be generated on the fly for the repaired data. The second part presents our privacy-preserving data utilization solutions supporting two categories of semantics - keyword search and graph query. For protecting data privacy, sensitive data has to be encrypted before outsourcing, which obsoletes traditional data utilization based on plaintext keyword search. We define and solve the challenging problem of privacy-preserving multi- keyword ranked search over encrypted data in cloud computing. We establish a set of strict privacy requirements for such a secure cloud data utilization system to become a reality. We first propose a basic idea for keyword search based on secure inner product computation, and then give two improved schemes to achieve various stringent privacy requirements in two different threat models. We also investigate some further enhancements of our ranked search mechanism, including supporting more search semantics, i.e., TF × IDF, and dynamic data operations. As a general data structure to describe the relation between entities, the graph has been increasingly used to model complicated structures and schemaless data, such as the personal social network, the relational database, XML documents and chemical compounds. In the case that these data contains sensitive information and need to be encrypted before outsourcing to the cloud, it is a very challenging task to effectively utilize such graph-structured data after encryption. We define and solve the problem of privacy-preserving query over encrypted graph-structured data in cloud computing. By utilizing the principle of filtering-and-verification, we pre-build a feature-based index to provide feature-related information about each encrypted data graph, and then choose the efficient inner product as the pruning tool to carry out the filtering procedure
PaaSword: A Holistic Data Privacy and Security by Design Framework for Cloud Services
Enterprises increasingly recognize the compelling economic and operational benefits from virtualizing and pooling IT resources in the cloud. Nevertheless, the significant and valuable transformation of organizations that adopt cloud computing is accompanied by a number of security threats that should be considered. In this position paper, we outline significant security challenges presented when migrating to a cloud environment and propose PaaSword - a novel holistic framework that aspires to alleviate these challenges. Specifically, this proposed framework involves a context-aware security model, the necessary policies enforcement mechanism along with a physical distribution, encryption and query middleware
Confidential Data with Safeguard Access Control in distributed Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a safeguard technology which means that privileging permissions for the users  and stowing of data on world wide web. Mainly cloud computing focus on Protection and mystery represent major concerns in the acceptance of cloud technologies for data insertions . A major issue is how to safe access control policies such that 2 layer encryption can be achieved internally. Solve  these problem by using this proposed in the decentralization process in two layer broadcast encryption schema, by eliminate the group manager preliminary unit of the set, with an advantage of the addition of supporting members to the coordination, does not want any central authorization. Our model is represent AES method for secrecy data management purpose and it will provide accuracy data for authorised person only .That person get main key for access the data this key will be produced by key generation algorithm. In this we are having like search engine. This engine defends on cloud previous engines not provide accurate info and also previous technologies provides inaccurate info and secure data retrieved unauthorised also.    Our coordination assures the confidentiality of the data and preserves the privacy of users from the cloud although delegating most of the access power enforcement to the cloud. Existing market inclination need Products to be developed at elevated swiftness. To meet those requirements sometimes it requires collaboration between the organizations. Since of the proficient services that are being obtainable by the cloud service providers today, lots of business organizations started compelling advantage of cloud services. Specifically, Cloud computing enables a new form of service in that a service can be realized by components provided by different enterprises or entities in a collaborative manner. Contributing parties are commonly loosely connected and they are responsible for managing and protecting resources/data consign to them. Such situation demands advanced and modern mechanisms for better security and privacy protection of data shared among multiple participating parties. In this, we are presented access control policy. This policy is included priveligation function and accurate info function. Our contribution is mainly focus on assures the confidentiality of the data and preserves the privacy of users
A Practical Framework for Storing and Searching Encrypted Data on Cloud Storage
Security has become a significant concern with the increased popularity of
cloud storage services. It comes with the vulnerability of being accessed by
third parties. Security is one of the major hurdles in the cloud server for the
user when the user data that reside in local storage is outsourced to the
cloud. It has given rise to security concerns involved in data confidentiality
even after the deletion of data from cloud storage. Though, it raises a serious
problem when the encrypted data needs to be shared with more people than the
data owner initially designated. However, searching on encrypted data is a
fundamental issue in cloud storage. The method of searching over encrypted data
represents a significant challenge in the cloud.
Searchable encryption allows a cloud server to conduct a search over
encrypted data on behalf of the data users without learning the underlying
plaintexts. While many academic SE schemes show provable security, they usually
expose some query information, making them less practical, weak in usability,
and challenging to deploy. Also, sharing encrypted data with other authorized
users must provide each document's secret key. However, this way has many
limitations due to the difficulty of key management and distribution.
We have designed the system using the existing cryptographic approaches,
ensuring the search on encrypted data over the cloud. The primary focus of our
proposed model is to ensure user privacy and security through a less
computationally intensive, user-friendly system with a trusted third party
entity. To demonstrate our proposed model, we have implemented a web
application called CryptoSearch as an overlay system on top of a well-known
cloud storage domain. It exhibits secure search on encrypted data with no
compromise to the user-friendliness and the scheme's functional performance in
real-world applications.Comment: 146 Pages, Master's Thesis, 6 Chapters, 96 Figures, 11 Table
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