Towards applying FCM with DBSCAN for Detecting DDoS Attack in Cloud Infrastructure to Improve Data Transmission Rate

Cloud is a pay-to-use technology which can be used to offer IT resources instead of buying computer hardware. It is time saving and cheaper technology. This paper analyzes the DDoS attack on cloud infrastructure and can be detected by using FCM with DBSCAN hybrid algorithm that classifies the clusters of data packets and detects the outlier in that particular data packet. The experimental outcome shows that the enhanced hybrid approach has better results in detecting the DDoS attack. The DDoS attack targets the main host of the cloud infrastructure by sending unwanted packets. This attack is a major threat to the network security. The FCM with DBSCAN hybrid approach detects outliers and also assigns one specific data point in clusters to detect DDoS attack in cloud infrastructure. By using this hybrid approach the data can be grouped as clusters and the data beyond the noise level can also be detected. This algorithm helps in identifying the data that are vulnerable to DDoS attack. This detection helps in improving the data transmission rate

MULTILATERAL DETERRENCE FORMATION AND FUTURE US SPACE SECURITY CHALLENGES

An increase in the number of satellites from commercial and military actors in the future will cause space to become more congested and contested. The increase in actors raises the question of how the United States could conduct space deterrence with proliferated space operations. The significance behind this is that the proliferation of satellites will impact the stability and security of space, creating more orbital debris and opportunities for adversary activities. Stability and security are characteristics that the United States deems critical for the future, as outlined in the 2020 National Defense Space Strategy. The United States' new challenge in space raises the importance of a flexible deterrence strategy. Options the United States could exercise include space weapons, allied cooperation, or legal methods, such as norms, codes of conduct, or treaties. Electronic warfare techniques such as jamming would be the best approach for flexible deterrence with space weapons to minimize orbital debris and conflict escalation. Multinational space networks would provide flexible approaches to deterrence in offensive or defensive constellations, while strengthening relationships between partners. An increase in the awareness and transparency surrounding space behavior could result in better monitoring of inappropriate behavior and facilitate the new norms, codes of conduct, or treaties on responsible behavior, leading to a more secure and more stable space domain.Captain, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

Exploiting cloud utility models for profit and ruin

A key characteristic that has led to the early adoption of public cloud computing is the utility pricing model that governs the cost of compute resources consumed. Similar to public utilities like gas and electricity, cloud consumers only pay for the resources they consume and only for the time they are utilized. As a result and pursuant to a Cloud Service Provider\u27s (CSP) Terms of Agreement, cloud consumers are responsible for all computational costs incurred within and in support of their rented computing environments whether these resources were consumed in good faith or not. While initial threat modeling and security research on the public cloud model has primarily focused on the confidentiality and integrity of data transferred, processed, and stored in the cloud, little attention has been paid to the external threat sources that have the capability to affect the financial viability of cloud-hosted services. Bounded by a utility pricing model, Internet-facing web resources hosted in the cloud are vulnerable to Fraudulent Resource Consumption (FRC) attacks. Unlike an application-layer DDoS attack that consumes resources with the goal of disrupting short-term availability, a FRC attack is a considerably more subtle attack that instead targets the utility model over an extended time period. By fraudulently consuming web resources in sufficient volume (i.e. data transferred out of the cloud), an attacker is able to inflict significant fraudulent charges to the victim. This work introduces and thoroughly describes the FRC attack and discusses why current application-layer DDoS mitigation schemes are not applicable to a more subtle attack. The work goes on to propose three detection metrics that together form the criteria for detecting a FRC attack from that of normal web activity and an attribution methodology capable of accurately identifying FRC attack clients. Experimental results based on plausible and challenging attack scenarios show that an attacker, without knowledge of the training web log, has a difficult time mimicking the self-similar and consistent request semantics of normal web activity necessary to carryout a successful FRC attack

A new framework to alleviate DDoS vulnerabilities in cloud computing

In the communication age, the Internet has growing very fast and most industries rely on it. An essential part of Internet, Web applications like online booking, e-banking, online shopping, and e-learning plays a vital role in everyday life. Enhancements have been made in this domain, in which the web servers depend on cloud location for resources. Many organizations around the world change their operations and data storage from local to cloud platforms for many reasons especially the availability factor. Even though cloud computing is considered a renowned technology, it has many challenges, the most important one is security. One of the major issue in the cloud security is Distributed Denial of Service attack (DDoS), which results in serious loss if the attack is successful and left unnoticed. This paper focuses on preventing and detecting DDoS attacks in distributed and cloud environment. A new framework has been suggested to alleviate the DDoS attack and to provide availability of cloud resources to its users. The framework introduces three screening tests VISUALCOM, IMGCOM, and AD-IMGCOM to prevent the attack and two queues with certain constraints to detect the attack. The result of our framework shows an improvement and better outcomes and provides a recovered from attack detection with high availability rate. Also, the performance of the queuing model has been analysed

Cyber-storms come from clouds:Security of cloud computing in the IoT era

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly changing our society to a world where every “thing” is connected to the Internet, making computing pervasive like never before. This tsunami of connectivity and data collection relies more and more on the Cloud, where data analytics and intelligence actually reside. Cloud computing has indeed revolutionized the way computational resources and services can be used and accessed, implementing the concept of utility computing whose advantages are undeniable for every business. However, despite the benefits in terms of flexibility, economic savings, and support of new services, its widespread adoption is hindered by the security issues arising with its usage. From a security perspective, the technological revolution introduced by IoT and Cloud computing can represent a disaster, as each object might become inherently remotely hackable and, as a consequence, controllable by malicious actors. While the literature mostly focuses on the security of IoT and Cloud computing as separate entities, in this article we provide an up-to-date and well-structured survey of the security issues of cloud computing in the IoT era. We give a clear picture of where security issues occur and what their potential impact is. As a result, we claim that it is not enough to secure IoT devices, as cyber-storms come from Clouds