321 research outputs found
Energy Efficient Massive MIMO and Beamforming for 5G Communications
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been a key technique
in the next generation of wireless communications for its potential to achieve
higher capacity and data rates. However, the exponential growth of data
traffic has led to a significant increase in the power consumption and system
complexity. Therefore, we propose and study wireless technologies to improve the trade-off between system performance and power consumption of wireless communications.
This Thesis firstly proposes a strategy with partial channel state information
(CSI) acquisition to reduce the power consumption and hardware complexity of massive MIMO base stations. In this context, the employment of partial CSI is proposed in correlated communication channels with user mobility. By exploiting both the spatial correlation and temporal correlation of the channel, our analytical results demonstrate significant gains in the energy efficiency of the massive MIMO base station.
Moreover, relay-aided communications have experienced raising interest; especially, two-way relaying systems can improve spectral efficiency with short required operating time. Therefore, this Thesis focuses on an uncorrelated massive MIMO two-way relaying system and studies power
scaling laws to investigate how the transmit powers can be scaled to improve the energy efficiency up to several times the energy efficiency without power scaling while approximately maintaining the system performance.
In a similar line, large antenna arrays deployed at the space-constrained relay would give rise to the spatial correlation. For this reason, this Thesis presents an incomplete CSI scheme to evaluate the trade-off between the spatial correlation and system performance. In addition, the advantages of linear processing methods and the effects of channel aging are investigated to further improve the relay-aided system performance.
Similarly, large antenna arrays are required in millimeter-wave communications to achieve narrow beams with higher power gain. This poses the problem that locating the best beam direction requires high power and complexity consumption. Therefore, this Thesis presents several low-complexity beam alignment methods with respect to the state-of-the-art to evaluate the trade-off between complexity and system performance.
Overall, extensive analytical and numerical results show an improved performance and validate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques
Performance analysis of reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted wireless communications
The advent of the smart radio environment has challenged traditional wireless communication systems, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the performance limits of wireless communications. This thesis aims to study RIS technology in future networks by examining the performance of four typical RIS-assisted communication systems, each featuring unique models and practical RIS characteristics. The research begins with the performance analysis of RIS-assisted wireless communication systems with phase errors in both line-of-sight (LoS) and Rayleigh fading scenarios. It investigates the impact of different types of phase errors and other system parameters on system performance. Next, the impact of channel correlations on RIS-assisted communication systems is examined by deriving closed-form expressions of outage probability and average achievable rates for both correlated Rayleigh fading and correlated Nakagami-m fading models. The relationship between RIS size and performance degradation caused by channel correlations is explored. The study further investigates the application of RIS technology in more intricate wireless communication systems, specifically focusing on two spectrum efficiency techniques: non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and full-duplex (FD) communications. For RIS-assisted NOMA, the research derives closed-form expressions for the outage probability of users with strong and weak channel conditions, while for RIS-assisted FD systems, the research proposes a setup where an FD transceiver serves uplink and downlink users simultaneously with two dedicated RISs and examines the impact of residual self-interference (SI). Finally, the performance of a RIS-assisted largescale network is examined through stochastic geometry, assessing coverage probability and average achievable rate. The research discusses two association strategies: nearest and fixed association, and investigates the effects of increasing transmitter (TX) density and RIS association probability on system performance. This thesis provides valuable analytical resources on RIS-assisted wireless communications performance, laying a foundation for future research and application of RIS technology
Holographic MIMO Communications: Theoretical Foundations, Enabling Technologies, and Future Directions
Future wireless systems are envisioned to create an endogenously
holography-capable, intelligent, and programmable radio propagation
environment, that will offer unprecedented capabilities for high spectral and
energy efficiency, low latency, and massive connectivity. A potential and
promising technology for supporting the expected extreme requirements of the
sixth-generation (6G) communication systems is the concept of the holographic
multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO), which will actualize holographic radios
with reasonable power consumption and fabrication cost. The HMIMO is
facilitated by ultra-thin, extremely large, and nearly continuous surfaces that
incorporate reconfigurable and sub-wavelength-spaced antennas and/or
metamaterials. Such surfaces comprising dense electromagnetic (EM) excited
elements are capable of recording and manipulating impinging fields with utmost
flexibility and precision, as well as with reduced cost and power consumption,
thereby shaping arbitrary-intended EM waves with high energy efficiency. The
powerful EM processing capability of HMIMO opens up the possibility of wireless
communications of holographic imaging level, paving the way for signal
processing techniques realized in the EM-domain, possibly in conjunction with
their digital-domain counterparts. However, in spite of the significant
potential, the studies on HMIMO communications are still at an initial stage,
its fundamental limits remain to be unveiled, and a certain number of critical
technical challenges need to be addressed. In this survey, we present a
comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the HMIMO communications
paradigm, with a special focus on their physical aspects, their theoretical
foundations, as well as the enabling technologies for HMIMO systems. We also
compare the HMIMO with existing multi-antenna technologies, especially the
massive MIMO, present various...Comment: double column, 58 page
Seven Defining Features of Terahertz (THz) Wireless Systems: A Fellowship of Communication and Sensing
Wireless communication at the terahertz (THz) frequency bands (0.1-10THz) is
viewed as one of the cornerstones of tomorrow's 6G wireless systems. Owing to
the large amount of available bandwidth, THz frequencies can potentially
provide wireless capacity performance gains and enable high-resolution sensing.
However, operating a wireless system at the THz-band is limited by a highly
uncertain channel. Effectively, these channel limitations lead to unreliable
intermittent links as a result of a short communication range, and a high
susceptibility to blockage and molecular absorption. Consequently, such
impediments could disrupt the THz band's promise of high-rate communications
and high-resolution sensing capabilities. In this context, this paper
panoramically examines the steps needed to efficiently deploy and operate
next-generation THz wireless systems that will synergistically support a
fellowship of communication and sensing services. For this purpose, we first
set the stage by describing the fundamentals of the THz frequency band. Based
on these fundamentals, we characterize seven unique defining features of THz
wireless systems: 1) Quasi-opticality of the band, 2) THz-tailored wireless
architectures, 3) Synergy with lower frequency bands, 4) Joint sensing and
communication systems, 5) PHY-layer procedures, 6) Spectrum access techniques,
and 7) Real-time network optimization. These seven defining features allow us
to shed light on how to re-engineer wireless systems as we know them today so
as to make them ready to support THz bands. Furthermore, these features
highlight how THz systems turn every communication challenge into a sensing
opportunity. Ultimately, the goal of this article is to chart a forward-looking
roadmap that exposes the necessary solutions and milestones for enabling THz
frequencies to realize their potential as a game changer for next-generation
wireless systems.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figure
Provably Energy Efficiency and Lower Power Consumption Based on HOA in 5G MIMO-NOMA Systems
The rapid expansion of 5G communication networks necessitates improved energy efficiency and reduced power consumption. This article explores the integration of Hybrid Optimization Algorithms (HOA) in 5G MIMO-NOMA systems, aiming to enhance energy efficiency and minimize power usage. The proposed methodology leverages MIMO technology and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). We introduce a new power consumption model based on HOA, recognizing MIMO-NOMA as pivotal in future wireless communication systems. HOA allows simultaneous service for more users, leading to heightened energy efficiency and reduced power consumption compared to conventional MIMO or NOMA systems. A streamlined user admission scheme is presented, admitting users based on ascending power requirements to meet Quality of Service criteria. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of HOA and the power allocation strategy in enhancing energy efficiency and user admission. Comparative analysis shows lower power consumption and approximately a 10% increase in energy efficiency compared to traditional methods and other algorithms like GA, PSO, SPPA, and the water-filling algorithm
The Road to Next-Generation Multiple Access: A 50-Year Tutorial Review
The evolution of wireless communications has been significantly influenced by
remarkable advancements in multiple access (MA) technologies over the past five
decades, shaping the landscape of modern connectivity. Within this context, a
comprehensive tutorial review is presented, focusing on representative MA
techniques developed over the past 50 years. The following areas are explored:
i) The foundational principles and information-theoretic capacity limits of
power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are characterized, along
with its extension to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-NOMA. ii) Several
MA transmission schemes exploiting the spatial domain are investigated,
encompassing both conventional space-division multiple access (SDMA)/MIMO-NOMA
systems and near-field MA systems utilizing spherical-wave propagation models.
iii) The application of NOMA to integrated sensing and communications (ISAC)
systems is studied. This includes an introduction to typical NOMA-based
downlink/uplink ISAC frameworks, followed by an evaluation of their performance
limits using a mutual information (MI)-based analytical framework. iv) Major
issues and research opportunities associated with the integration of MA with
other emerging technologies are identified to facilitate MA in next-generation
networks, i.e., next-generation multiple access (NGMA). Throughout the paper,
promising directions are highlighted to inspire future research endeavors in
the realm of MA and NGMA.Comment: 43 pages, 38 figures; Submitted to Proceedings of the IEE
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