2 research outputs found

    Associations between psychologists' thinking styles and accuracy on a diagnostic classification task

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    Contains fulltext : 103009.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)The present study investigated whether individual differences between psychologists in thinking styles are associated with accuracy in diagnostic classification. We asked novice and experienced clinicians to classify two clinical cases of clients with two co-occurring psychological disorders. No significant difference in diagnostic accuracy was found between the two groups, but when combining the data from novices and experienced psychologists accuracy was found to be negatively associated with certain decision making strategies and with a higher self-assessed ability and preference for a rational thinking style. Our results underscore the idea that it might be fruitful to look for explanations of differences in the accuracy of diagnostic judgments in individual differences between psychologists (such as in thinking styles or decision making strategies used), rather than in experience level.12 p

    The clinical gut: Examining the cognitive processes underlying therapist’s intuitive judgments in the psychotherapy session

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    Understanding the underlying cognitive processes of clinical judgments may be critical to optimizing clinical care and focusing future research on clinical psychology and psychotherapy. The present dissertation brings insights from decision science to the clinical psychology realm to achieve the overarching goal of understanding clinical intuitions about those expressing psychological suffering and symptoms of mental illness. Specifically, this research studies clinical intuitions and the tendency to confirm hypotheses in different clinical and person perception domains. In three empirical chapters, we present three research lines based on experimental studies. By investigating the cognitive processes underlying the generation and testing of psychological disorder diagnoses, the adjustment of trait inferences and personality impressions according to contextual information, and the judgment of competence and the predictions of future suffering in conditions of unbearable suffering and euthanasia decisions, this research demonstrated how task characteristics favored confirmatory strategies and explored under which conditions this tendency was reduced or eliminated. This dissertation further explores the implications of using confirmatory and disconfirmatory processing strategies in the context of psychotherapy and proposes new directions for further investigation. This research provided empirical evidence we hope will stimulate the area of clinical decision making and to bridge the gap between research in clinical psychology and psychotherapy practice and training.Compreender os processos cognitivos subjacentes os julgamentos clínicos pode ter um papel essencial para otimizar a prática clínica e direcionar o futuro da investigação em psicologia clínica e psicoterapia. Esta dissertação leva conhecimentos da área científica de julgamento e tomada de decisão para o domínio e de psicologia clínica para alcançar o seu objetivo último, compreender as intuições clínicas sobre pessoas que apresentam sofrimento psicológico ou sintomas de doença mental. Especificamente, esta investigação estuda intuições clínicas e a tendência para confirmar hipóteses em diferentes dimensões clínicas e de perceção de pessoas. Em três capítulos empíricos, esta dissertação apresenta três linhas de investigação baseada em estudos experimentais. Ao investigar os processos cognitivos subjacentes à geração e teste de hipóteses de diagnósticos de perturbação psicológica, no ajustamento de inferências de traço e de impressões de personalidade em função de informação contextual, e o julgamento da competências e previsões de sofrimento futuro em situações de sofrimento insuportável e decisões de eutanásia, esta investigação demonstrou como as características das tarefas favorecem um processamento confirmatório e em que condições esta tendência é reduzida ou eliminada. Esta dissertação explorou ainda as implicações do uso de estratégias de processamento confirmatório e desconfirmatório no contexto de psicoterapia e propõe novas direções para estudos futuros. Esta investigação proporcionou nova evidência empírica para estimular investigação na área da tomada de decisão clínica e para colmatar as falhas entre prática investigação em psicologia clínica e a prática e treino de psicoterapia
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