Sekolah Lapangan Petani untuk Memperbaiki Kinerja Sustainabilitas Industri dan Penghidupan Petani Sayuran di Indonesia

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan latar-belakang sebuah fakta bahwa sektor pertanian Indonesia banyak menyediakan lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat pedesaan, tetapi pendapatan petani relatif rendah. Mengirimkan petani ke pendidikan non-formal akan meningkatkan mata pencaharian masyarakat, dan SLP teknologi akan meningkatkan kinerja keberlanjutan industri sayuran, yang dijalankan oleh banyak petani kecil di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai dampak sekolah pertanian terhadap mata penghidupan masyarakat pertanian Indonesia. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pemodelan untuk analisis lima modal penghidupan, yang terdiri dari modal keuangan, modal fisik, modal manusia, modal sosial, dan modal alam. Untuk mendukung analisis, penelitian ini menggunakan data yang dikumpulkan dari 270 kelompok tani yang menyelesaikan sekolah lapang di Sumatera, Jawa dan Bali, dengan pendekatan partisipatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fakta bahwa partisipasi petani dalam sekolah lapangan berdampak positif bagi kehidupan masyarakat mereka di pedesaan Indonesia. Dampak peningkatan kehidupan petani telah memperbaiki sustainabilitas usaha tanaman sayuran. Selain itu, dapat diidentifikasi kekurangan dan kekurangan penyelenggaraan sekolah lapang bagi petani oleh kelompok tani, sehingga penyelenggaraan sekolah lapang dapat lebih ditingkatkan

Cultural ecosystem services, perceptions and participatory mapping: a case study of Buffellsdraai and Iqadi communities in eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal.

Masters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.As the demand for Ecosystem Services (ES) continues to grow, the assessment of ES has become important for conservation management. However when compared to other ES, Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) have been rarely integrated into ES assessments. As a result, research on this particular category of ES is necessary as trade-offs between all types of ES exist. This study assessed the perceived CES in Buffellsdraai and Iqadi communities in KwaZulu-Natal by performing a spatially explicit mapping of these services. These particular communities were chosen because of the two major reforestation projects being carried out within their jurisdiction so as to understand how ecological restoration improves their cultural well-being.Triangulation which is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methodology was used to assess local community and key informant perceptions of CES as well as to determine the spatial variation of these services in Buffellsdraai and Iqadi. The structured questionnaire survery, participatory rural appraisal (PRA) exercises, focus group discussions were administered to community participants while the structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from key informants of Buffellsdraai and Iqadi, respectively. CES were identified in both Buffellsdraai and Iqadi communities. Landscape value was identified as the most valued category of CES in both communities. Despite most key informants residing within the communities of Buffellsdraai and Iqadi they showed little interest on the CES subject matter. With the aid of spatial data from the participatory mapping exercices, the study also identified the hotspots and coldspots of CES in both study areas. Hot spots were mainly attributed to landcovers such as forests, bushlands and water bodies while built up dense settlement, grassland and woodlands were hardly attributed to any cultural values thus forming cold spots of CES. The results from this study revealed a vital relationship between the locals and landscape of Buffellsdraai and Iqadi. The locals portrayed a keen interest with interacting with nature which in turn will contribute to maintenance of these landscapes. On this basis, this study proposes the incorporation of CES into ES planning decisions of the eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu Natal

Assessment of Sustainable Livelihood and Geographic Detection of Settlement Sites in Ethnically Contiguous Poverty-Stricken Areas in the Aba Prefecture, China

The Chinese government aims to deal with poverty by 2020 for people living in ethnic and rural regions, including mountainous ethnic regions with the highest concentration of poverty and chronic poverty. Based on a sustainable livelihood Framework, five capitals and 33 evaluation indices of livelihood were built, and 13 counties’ resources of the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture were compared in order to calculate the degree of poverty. Topographic factors index of settlement sites (TFIS) were constructed by eight topographic factors, and diagnoses of the dominant factors of differentiation of 2699 settlements were calculated by using the geographical detector model to establish the poverty alleviation policies and models for different regions. The results showed that the livelihood capital evaluation indices were different (0.56–1.88), and natural capitals (mean value 1.56) had obvious advantages, but physical (mean value 0.56), financial (mean value 0.78), and human capital were lower (mean value 0.93), limiting the rate of transforming the ecological resources advantage into the economy. In the TFIS, the settlement points indicate topographic factors of natural breakpoint classification superposition, including elevation, slope, relief amplitude, surface incision, variance coefficient in elevation, surface roughness, distance to roads, and distance to rivers. These are within the 8–34 range, and their power determinant value to TFIS are 0.02, 0.70, 0.77, 0.76, 0.51, 0.66, 0.06, and 0.09. Livelihood capital evaluation indices and TFIS classification one (8–14) are positively correlated, and negative correlation (22–26 and 27–34) is at the 0.05 level. The county's poverty alleviation measures and development under different livelihood indices and TFIS indicate that the ecotourism industry has become the inevitable choice for promoting rapid and coordinated development of economy, society, and the environment in ethnic regions

Assessment of Sustainable Livelihood and Geographic Detection of Settlement Sites in Ethnically Contiguous Poverty-Stricken Areas in the Aba Prefecture, China

The Chinese government aims to deal with poverty by 2020 for people living in ethnic and rural regions, including mountainous ethnic regions with the highest concentration of poverty and chronic poverty. Based on a sustainable livelihood Framework, five capitals and 33 evaluation indices of livelihood were built, and 13 counties’ resources of the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture were compared in order to calculate the degree of poverty. Topographic factors index of settlement sites (TFIS) were constructed by eight topographic factors, and diagnoses of the dominant factors of differentiation of 2699 settlements were calculated by using the geographical detector model to establish the poverty alleviation policies and models for different regions. The results showed that the livelihood capital evaluation indices were different (0.56–1.88), and natural capitals (mean value 1.56) had obvious advantages, but physical (mean value 0.56), financial (mean value 0.78), and human capital were lower (mean value 0.93), limiting the rate of transforming the ecological resources advantage into the economy. In the TFIS, the settlement points indicate topographic factors of natural breakpoint classification superposition, including elevation, slope, relief amplitude, surface incision, variance coefficient in elevation, surface roughness, distance to roads, and distance to rivers. These are within the 8–34 range, and their power determinant value to TFIS are 0.02, 0.70, 0.77, 0.76, 0.51, 0.66, 0.06, and 0.09. Livelihood capital evaluation indices and TFIS classification one (8–14) are positively correlated, and negative correlation (22–26 and 27–34) is at the 0.05 level. The county\u27s poverty alleviation measures and development under different livelihood indices and TFIS indicate that the ecotourism industry has become the inevitable choice for promoting rapid and coordinated development of economy, society, and the environment in ethnic regions

Sustainable Livelihood Strategies of Riverine Communities at Sadong Jaya, Sarawak

This study uses the sustainable livelihood approach to examine the livelihood assets and livelihood strategies adopted by the riverine communities at Sadong Jaya, Sarawak as well as the vulnerabilities faced by them. A mixed method approach was adopted in this study. Data was collected from focus group discussions, observations, and face-to-face interviews with 243 households in which the samples were drawn from three clusters (upper estuarine, middle estuarine and lower estuarine) in Sadong Jaya using a multi-stage sampling method. The study found that, due to the dynamic nature of the local environment with its unique geographical location prone to flash flood and monsoon flood besides environment degradation and poor socio-economic conditions, the community is susceptible to a high level of vulnerability. Local people perceived their livelihood vulnerability as the result of poor access to natural resources and limited natural resources to market and basic social amenities such as facing insufficient treated water supply for both household daily consumption besides lacking water for agriculture. The middle estuarine communities are found to be more vulnerable than the upper and lower estuarine communities at Sadong Jaya with the vulnerability index at 0.414 as compared to vulnerability index of 0.394 and 0.410 in upper and lower estuarine respectively. The riverine communities at Sadong Jaya utilize diversified livelihood strategies by optimizing the use of capital assets available to sustain their livelihoods. Communities who are better equipped with an enhanced and diversified assets base are more resilient. Overall, social asset is found to be the most equipped asset in Sadong Jaya while financial asset is the least equipped asset followed by human asset. The study found that infrastructures such as roads and bridges, water supply facilities, drainage systems, watergates and education facilities enable the riverine communities to intensify and diversify economic activities, widen job opportunities, and market opportunities. As accessibility to education and training facilities is made available to the locals through better connectivity facilitated by various physical infrastructure, more riverine communities are involved in non-agricultural economic activities and out-migration to cities and abroad is common in the study area. The regression scores showed that riverine communities in Sadong Jaya are most likely to adopt non-agricultural livelihood activities given that they have higher education and skills level, more purchasing power to own farm tools, better health, better ability to secure financial facilities and sustain disaster conflict and possess more diversification capabilities