Multi-Period Observation Clustering for Tariff Definition in a Weekly Basis Remuneration of Demand Response

Distributed energy resources can improve the operation of power systems, improving economic and technical efficiency. Aggregation of small size resources, which exist in large number but with low individual capacity, is needed to make these resources’ use more efficient. In the present paper, a methodology for distributed resources management by an aggregator is proposed, which includes the resources scheduling, aggregation and remuneration. The aggregation, made using a k-means algorithm, is applied to different approaches concerning the definition of tariffs for the period of a week. Different consumer types are remunerated according to time-of-use tariffs existing in Portugal. Resources aggregation and remuneration profiles are obtained for over 20.000 consumers and 500 distributed generation units. The main goal of this paper is to understand how the aggregation phase, or the way that is performed, influences the final remuneration of the resources associated with Virtual Power Player (VPP). In order to fulfill the proposed objective, the authors carried out studies for different time frames (week days, week-end, whole week) and also analyzed the effect of the formation of the remuneration tariff by considering a mix of fixed and indexed tariff. The optimum number of clusters is calculated in order to determine the best number of DR programs to be implemented by the VPPThe present work was done and funded in the scope of Project GREEDI (ANI|P2020-17822) co-funded by Portugal 2020 "Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional" (FEDER) through POCI, and UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Defining the Optimal Number of Demand Response Programs and Tariffs Using Clustering Methods

Nowadays, the data can be considered an asset when properly managed. An entity with the right tool to analyse the amount of data existent and withdraw crucial information will have the power to obliterate the competition. In the Energy sector, with Smart Grid introduction, small resources have more influence in the market through Demand Response and bidirectional communication. However, none of the actual business models is prepared to deal with the uncertainty related to these resources. The authors, in order to find a solution for this complex problem, proposed a methodology which the goal is to minimize operation costs and give fair compensation for resources who participate in the management of local markets. With this fair payment, it is expected continuous participation. Through clustering methods, remuneration groups are created. In the present paper, a study about the optimal number of clusters is performed. The information gives the Aggregator control in results of the following phases, understanding the impact in the remuneration of the resources.The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following projects: COLORS Project, CEECIND/02887/2017, and UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT. Cátia Silva is supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), grant SFRH/BD/144200/2019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Model for the integration of distributed energy resources in energy markets by an aggregator

The increase of distributed energy resources in energy systems and current legislation concerning the participation in energy markets, is causing a high wasted potential of energy supply and flexibility services. In this paper, it is proposed a methodology for the management and integration of distributed energy resources in energy systems and markets, through the application of an aggregator. Also, the aggregator provides demand response programs based on tariffs, thus enabling different types of participations. Aggregation is performed using K-Means clustering algorithm, and serves as basis for remuneration, where the aggregated energy and cost of resources is obtained. Given this methodology, the aggregator obtains the energy available and the minimum sell cost to negotiate in market, with the intent of obtaining profit in its operation. The methodology is validated through a case study, with 20 consumers and 25 distributed generators.This work has received funding from the following projects: NETEFFICITY Project (ANI | P2020 – 18015); and from FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and from National Funds through FCT under the project UID/EEA/00760/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aggregation of Consumers and Producers in a Community with different Clustering Methods

The consumer concept is shaping up as the grid is improving to a smart way. Moving from an actor with little information about what was happening in the energy market, to player with an active and important role in its management. The term prosumer will revolutionize the way the electrical system operates. The possibility of the participation of distributed small-scale energy resources in the network infrastructure changes the current management model. The authors propose a model that optimally associates all concepts. Scheduling, aggregation and compensation are the main phases that compose this model. In this paper, the author focusses only on the second, being the main goal compare between being a consumer, a producer or a prosumer in this method. In this way, two partitional clustering methods were used, testing different k clusters.The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following projects: H2020 DREAM-GO Project (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794); CONTEST Project (P2020 - 23575), and UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Demand Response in Energy Communities Considering the Share of Photovoltaic Generation from Public Buildings

This paper has as ambit to promote the importance of the prosumer and the sustainable development of a community's energy systems through the aid of the incorporation of renewable energy sources in the market and the concept demand response. Moreover, it is intended to efficiently use the energy surplus produced by the photovoltaic panels of the prosumers for self-consumption, distributed by the remaining members of the community. It is estimated that participants, through the energy management of the community, will be able to verify reductions in electricity bills, as well as be compensated for their contribution to demand response through remuneration. Thus, the proposed methodology contributes in an efficient and sustainable way to be implemented in a community, promoting the use of renewable energy.This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under project DOMINOES (grant agreement No 771066) and from FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and from National Funds through FCT under the project UID/EEA/00760/2019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Flexibility Characterization, Aggregation, and Market Design Trends with a High Share of Renewables: a Review

Purpose of Review Balancing a large share of solar and wind power generation in the power system will require a well synchronized coordination of all possible flexibility sources. This entails developing market designs that incentivize flexibility providers, and define new flexibility products. To this end, the paper reviews latest trends in the characterization of flexibility by understanding its dimensions in terms of time, spatiality, resource type, and associated risks. Also, as aggregators have emerged as important actors to deliver, and to reward end-user flexibility, the paper reviews latest trends in the topic. Recent Findings The review reports latest trends and discussions on power system flexibility and their relations to market design. The current academic literature indicates that there are open question and limited research on how to reward shortterm flexibility while considering its long-term economic viability. Demand-side flexibility through aggregation holds great potential to integrate renewables. Summary Research in power system flexibility has to put effort on analysing new time-structures of electricity markets and define new marketplaces that consider the integration of new flexibility products, actors (e.g. aggregators, end-users), and mechanisms (e.g. TSO-DSO coordination).Flexibility Characterization, Aggregation, and Market Design Trends with a High Share of Renewables: a ReviewpublishedVersio

Elasticity Modeling to Support Demand Response Programs

Creazione di scenari energetici atti al bilanciamento del carico elettrico nell'arco delle 24h(Demand Response). Da qui il calcolo dell'elasticità delle utenze per aggiornarne gli obsoleti valori e la creazione di un modello matematico in grado di prevedere la variazione di tale grandezza in scenari futuri. Lo scopo è quello di trovare una soluzione economicamente ottimale sia per i TSO che per le utenze finali.ope

Optimal Rescheduling of Distributed Energy Resources Managed by an Aggregator

Distributed energy resources integration into energy markets and power systems operation has been one of the main concerns of operators and other entities, mainly because of the recent growth and the features that these resources can provide. The need for managing tools that provide solutions to these concerns is evident, and can be addressed through several ways. The present paper proposes a model for the integration of distributed energy resources into power systems operation using an aggregator. The management considers the aggregator’s perspective, and therefore, the objective is to minimize the costs of system balance. For this, it is proposed a re-scheduling of resources, i.e. after a first scheduling with individual prices the resources are clustered, and for each group, a tariff is defined and applied to each of the resources that belong to it, being then scheduled again considering the new group tariffs.The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following projects: H2020 DREAM-GO Project (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794); EUREKA - ITEA2 Project SEAS with project number 12004; NETEFFICITY Project (P2020 - 18015); and UID/EEA/00760/2013 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Essays on the Economics of Congestion Management - Theory and Model-based Analysis for Central Western Europe

Concerning the design of (regional) electricity markets, the weighting of uniform pricing with re-dispatch on the one hand and zonal or even nodal pricing on the other hand largely depends on the trade-off between price signals, short and long-term incentives, liquidity and competition. The combination of the said aspects determines the overall efficiency of a market design and its congestion management. The thesis at hand addresses itself to various aspects of the described trade-off. With regard to the European context, the thesis presents a methodology to identify suitable bidding zones under consideration of the fundamental market structure. Furthermore, the static and dynamic efficiency of different re-dispatch designs is analysed theoretically. Subsequently, the influence of congestion management designs on the distribution of producer and consumer surplus is quantified for the case of Germany. Additionally, the magnitude of the losses in efficiency induced by re-dispatch models is assessed

Effects of elasticity parameter definition for real-time pricing remuneration considering different user types

In the last decade Demand Response (DR) programs have been influencing loads’ profiles of electric users who participate in these programs. The evolution of the simulations able to study them brought to the possibility of defining new models that can consider power consumption profiles for different types of user (MAT, AT, MT, BTE, BTN-2, BTN-1) but, in order to better match consumption and production energy curves, highly precise predictions of loads’ profiles are still needed. This goal can be achieved also thanks to the study of the price elasticity factor. A way to obtain it will be examined in this paper: price and power absorption variations will be considered because it is defined as the ratio of their relative variations before and after DR. This work focuses on the profiles of price variations P with respect to the absorbed power variation Q: users indeed are expected to vary their consumptions according to different values of remunerations. Moreover, different ranges of elasticities have been evaluated in order to study the behavior of P profiles for the more representing users. Finally, effects of a wrong interpolation have been discussed in order to see their consequences on the actual available power.The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following projects: European Union's Horizon 2020 project DOMINOES (grant agreement No 771066), COLORS Project PTDC/EEI-EEE/28967/2017 and UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program, Portugal and by National Funds through FCT, Portugal .info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio