Differential Effects of Race and Poverty on Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions

This study is a continuation of an earlier study that examined hospitalization rates for ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) conditions, as a proxy for quality of care, and found evidence of a racial disparity among African American and White Medicare beneficiaries. The current study sought to determine whether neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) explained this disparity. Differences in rates of ACS hospitalizations by race were assessed using Cochran-Mantel Haenszel tests and Poisson regression. Unadjusted rate ratios for ACS hospitalization for African Americans vs. Whites were found to be higher in low poverty areas (rate ratio (RR)=1.13; 95% CI (1.08, 1.17)) than in high poverty areas (RR=0.97; 95% CI (0.89, 1.05)). After controlling for various indicators of area SES in multivariate analyses race differences in ACS hospitalization rates persisted. Rural neighborhoods and those with higher percent of non-high school graduates were associated with greater risk of ACS hospitalizations

Getting to Zero HIV Cases San Francisco: Reconceptualizing Housing as HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment

The City and County of San Francisco, originallyground zero for the HIV epidemic in the United States, is redefining public health HIV interventions, potentially positioning San Francisco as one of the first major metropolitan cities in the world to reach zero HIV infectioncases, zero HIV-related deaths, and zero HIV-related stigma. As innovative as the Getting to Zero campaign appears to be, it fails to formally incorporate and respond to a fundamental matter pertinent to HIV prevention, HIV treatment, and San Francisco: housing. This research explores service gaps present in Getting to Zero byinvestigating the relationship between class, race, and HIV, specifically by emphasizing the role housing (or lackof housing) creates in shaping health outcomes related to HIV

Getting to Zero HIV Cases in San Francisco: Reconceptualizing Housing as Public Health Infrastructure in the Framework of HIV Prevention and Treatment

The City and County of San Francisco, originally ground zero for the HIV epidemic in the United States, is redefining public health HIV interventions, potentially positioning San Francisco as one of the first major metropolitan cities in the world to reach zero HIV infection cases, zero HIV-related deaths, and zero HIV-related stigma. As innovative as the Getting to Zero campaign appears to be, it fails to formally incorporate and respond to a fundamental matter pertinent to HIV prevention, HIV treatment, and San Francisco: housing. This research explores service gaps present in Getting to Zero by investigating the relationship between class, race, and HIV, specifically by emphasizing the role housing (or lack of housing) creates in shaping health outcomes related to HIV

Some Thoughts and Reflections on the Fortieth Anniversary of the New York City Human Rights Commission

This article serves as a response to a previous article in this issue, entitled Local Law Enforcement of Laws Prohibiting Discrimination in Housing: The New York City Human Rights Commission, by Michael H. Schill. This article reflects the tripartite structure of Schill\u27s, and comments on each of the three sections in turn: first, the article conducts an analysis of the statistical evidence of housing discrimination; second, this article contemplates the myriad consequences of discrimination on minority communities; finally, the paper concludes with a reflection on the future prospects of the Human Rights Commission in anti-discrimination law

Latino Protestants and Their Political and Social Engagement (Chapter Six of Latino Protestants in America: Growing and Diverse)

Excerpt: On a rainy early spring morning in a modest brick Presbyterian church just outside the Fruitvale neighborhood of Oakland, California, sixtyfour worshippers gather. The entire worship is in Spanish. During the sermon, the pastor makes a passing reference to how few of the attenders now live in Oakland proper, that many have to drive farther than ever for church services. The implicit message: the leadership of the church realizes that gentrification of San Francisco has spilled over the Bay Bridge and now threatens the availability of affordable housing throughout Oakland. In response, the congregation has started programs that offer legal advice for responding to rent-hiking landlords and identifying housing options around the city. Though resources and attenders tend to be somewhat scarce, the leadership has creatively organized in an effort to address the structural and policy concerns of housing. Beyond that, the pastor proudly notes that this church readily offers immigration status services, computer classes, and English classes