Machine Learning Prediction of COVID-19 Severity Levels From Salivaomics Data

The clinical spectrum of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the strain of coronavirus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, is broad, extending from asymptomatic infection to severe immunopulmonary reactions that, if not categorized properly, may be life-threatening. Researchers rate COVID-19 patients on a scale from 1 to 8 according to the severity level of COVID-19, 1 being healthy and 8 being extremely sick, based on a multitude of factors including number of clinic visits, days since the first sign of symptoms, and more. However, there are two issues with the current state of severity level designation. Firstly, there exists variation among researchers in determining these patient scores, which may lead to improper treatment. Secondly, researchers use a variety of metrics to determine patient severity level, including metrics involving plasma collection that require invasive procedures. This project aims to remedy both issues by introducing a machine learning framework that unifies severity level designations based on noninvasive saliva biomarkers. Our results show that we can successfully use machine learning on salivaomics data to predict the severity level of COVID-19 patients, indicating the presence of viral load using saliva biomarkers

Machine learning for large-scale wearable sensor data in Parkinson disease:concepts, promises, pitfalls, and futures

For the treatment and monitoring of Parkinson's disease (PD) to be scientific, a key requirement is that measurement of disease stages and severity is quantitative, reliable, and repeatable. The last 50 years in PD research have been dominated by qualitative, subjective ratings obtained by human interpretation of the presentation of disease signs and symptoms at clinical visits. More recently, “wearable,” sensor-based, quantitative, objective, and easy-to-use systems for quantifying PD signs for large numbers of participants over extended durations have been developed. This technology has the potential to significantly improve both clinical diagnosis and management in PD and the conduct of clinical studies. However, the large-scale, high-dimensional character of the data captured by these wearable sensors requires sophisticated signal processing and machine-learning algorithms to transform it into scientifically and clinically meaningful information. Such algorithms that “learn” from data have shown remarkable success in making accurate predictions for complex problems in which human skill has been required to date, but they are challenging to evaluate and apply without a basic understanding of the underlying logic on which they are based. This article contains a nontechnical tutorial review of relevant machine-learning algorithms, also describing their limitations and how these can be overcome. It discusses implications of this technology and a practical road map for realizing the full potential of this technology in PD research and practice

An integrated decision analytic framework of machine learning with multi-criteria decision making for patient prioritization in elective surgeries

Objectif: De nombreux centres de santé à travers le monde utilisent des critères d'évaluation des préférences cliniques (CPAC) pour donner la priorité aux patients pour accéder aux chirurgies électives. Le processus de priorisation clinique du patient utilise à cette fin les caractéristiques du patient et se compose généralement de critères cliniques, d'expériences de patients précédemment hospitalisés et de commentaires sur les réseaux sociaux. Le but de la hiérarchisation des patients est de déterminer un ordre précis pour les patients et de déterminer combien chaque patient bénéficiera de la chirurgie. En d'autres termes, la hiérarchisation des patients est un type de problème de prise de décision qui détermine l'ordre de ceux qui ont le plus bénéficié de la chirurgie. Cette étude vise à développer une méthodologie hybride en intégrant des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique et des techniques de prise de décision multicritères (MCDM) afin de développer un nouveau modèle de priorisation des patients. L'hypothèse principale est de valider le fait que l'intégration d'algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique et d'outils MCDM est capable de mieux prioriser les patients en chirurgie élective et pourrait conduire à une plus grande précision. Méthode: Cette étude vise à développer une méthodologie hybride en intégrant des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique et des techniques de prise de décision multicritères (MCDM) afin de développer un modèle précis de priorisation des patients. Dans un premier temps, une revue de la littérature sera effectuée dans différentes bases de données pour identifier les méthodes récemment développées ainsi que les facteurs de risque / attributs les plus courants dans la hiérarchisation des patients. Ensuite, en utilisant différentes méthodes MCDM telles que la pondération additive simple (SAW), le processus de hiérarchie analytique (AHP) et VIKOR, l'étiquette appropriée pour chaque patient sera déterminée. Dans la troisième étape, plusieurs algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique seront appliqués pour deux raisons: d'abord la sélection des caractéristiques parmi les caractéristiques communes identifiées dans la littérature et ensuite pour prédire les classes de patients initialement déterminés. Enfin, les mesures détaillées des performances de prédiction des algorithmes pour chaque méthode seront déterminées. Résultats: Les résultats montrent que l'approche proposée a atteint une précision de priorisation assez élevée(~70 %). Cette précision a été obtenue sur la base des données de 300 patients et elle pourrait être considérablement améliorée si nous avions accès à plus de données réelles à l'avenir. À notre connaissance, cette étude présente la première et la plus importante du genre à combiner efficacement les méthodes MCDM avec des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique dans le problème de priorisation des patients en chirurgie élective.Objective: Many healthcare centers worldwide use Clinical Preference Assessment criteria (CPAC) to prioritize patients for accessing elective surgeries [44]. The patient's clinical prioritization process uses patient characteristics for this purpose and usually consists of clinical criteria, experiences of patients who have been previously hospitalized, and comments on social media. The sense of patient prioritization is to determine an accurate ordering for patients and how much each patient will benefit from the surgery. This research intends to build a hybrid approach for creating a new patient prioritizing model by combining machine learning algorithms with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies. The central hypothesis is to validate that the integration of machine learning algorithms and MCDM tools can better prioritize elective surgery patients and lead to higher accuracy. Method: As a first step, a literature review was performed in different databases to identify the recently developed methods and the most common criteria in patient prioritization. Then, using various MCDM methods, including simple additive weighting (SAW), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and VIKOR, the appropriate label for each patient was determined. As the third step, several machine learning algorithms were applied to predict each patient's classes. Finally, we established the algorithms' precise prediction performance metrics for each approach. Results: The results show that the proposed approach has achieved relatively high prioritization accuracy (~70%). This accuracy has been obtained based on the data from 300 patients, and it could be significantly improved if we have access to more accurate data in the future. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first of its type to demonstrate the effectiveness of combining MCDM methodologies with machine learning algorithms in patient prioritization problems in elective surgery

Analyzing Data Mining Statistical Models of Bio Medical

The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the preformance of different data mining models on Biomedical datasets (heart disease data). I used different data mining models as, neural networks, support vector machine and logictic regression will be executed on these datasets. Some performance metrics such as accurary, precision and recall will be calculated and recorded. I compare the data mining models by using the recorded values of the performance metrics to find the best model for the datasets