Proceed with Caution. The Pitfalls and Potential of AI and Education

The arguments for the integration of AI into education are multiple and multifaceted. AI has permeated everyday life, and there is a growing number of AI-assisted educational technologies that are now being implemented in classrooms worldwide. Like any tool, AI can be used to better society but this is not a given. From a humanistic perspective, citizens need to understand their roles and rights with respect to AI, recognize when they are unfairly disadvantaged by AI, know the avenues of recourse, and above all become conscientious users of AI products—particularly AI products designed for education. This chapter argues that what we need is to identify the right kind of AI and apply it in the right way (in particular, with an eye to human rights) if we are to leverage technology for the common good. A robust debate over the content of AI curricula and the role of AI-assisted applications in classrooms is critical. On the curriculum side, stakeholders should be consulted to ensure human, social and economic needs are met, and that the technological and humanistic dimensions are equally valued. In classrooms, rather than starting from the technologies, we should start with a genuine education for grand challenges, which educators are usually best placed to identify

Framework to Enhance Teaching and Learning in System Analysis and Unified Modelling Language

Cowling, MA ORCiD: 0000-0003-1444-1563; Munoz Carpio, JC ORCiD: 0000-0003-0251-5510Systems Analysis modelling is considered foundational for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) students, with introductory and advanced units included in nearly all ICT and computer science degrees. Yet despite this, novice systems analysts (learners) find modelling and systems thinking quite difficult to learn and master. This makes the process of teaching the fundamentals frustrating and time intensive. This paper will discuss the foundational problems that learners face when learning Systems Analysis modelling. Through a systematic literature review, a framework will be proposed based on the key problems that novice learners experience. In this proposed framework, a sequence of activities has been developed to facilitate understanding of the requirements, solutions and incremental modelling. An example is provided illustrating how the framework could be used to incorporate visualization and gaming elements into a Systems Analysis classroom; therefore, improving motivation and learning. Through this work, a greater understanding of the approach to teaching modelling within the computer science classroom will be provided, as well as a framework to guide future teaching activities

Augmented Creativity: Leveraging Natural Language Processing for Creative Writing

Recent advances have moved natural language processing (NLP) capabilities with artificial intelligence beyond mere grammar and spell-checking functionality. One such new use that has arisen is the ability to suggest new content to writers to inspire new ideas by using “machine-in-the-loop” strategies in creative writing. In order to explore the possibilities of such a strategy, this study provides a model to be adopted in creative writing courses in higher education. An NLP application was created using Python and spaCy and deployed via Streamlit. The AI allowed students to see if their grammar aligned with those principles and techniques taught in class to assist with a deeper understanding of the grammatical aspects of the content and also to improve their creativity as writers. The study at hand seeks to determine the efficacy of a new proprietary NLP on improving understanding of grammar and creativity in student writing. Participants in the study were assessed through surveys and open-ended questions. Findings note that participants agreed the algorithm assisted them in a better understanding of grammar but were not as receptive to assistance in improving their creativity. It should also be noted that the suggestions provided by the algorithm did not necessarily improve the written artifacts submitted in the study. Results indicate that students enjoy using NLP as part of the creative writing process but largely, as with other language processing tools, to assist with grammar and synta

Mobile Robotics

The book is a collection of ten scholarly articles and reports of experiences and perceptions concerning pedagogical practices with mobile robotics.“This work is funded by CIEd – Research Centre on Education, project UID/CED/01661/2019, Institute of Education, University of Minho, through national funds of FCT/MCTES-PT.

Exploring the Role of Higher Education in Responsible Deployment of Artificial Intelligence

Higher education is the key driver for the teaching, research, and development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), as it bears responsibility for preparing engineers, scientists, technologists, and corporate leaders who shape and fuel its revolutionary advances. With AI and automation technologies relying on more advanced levels of training, and universities serving as the prime site for their development, faculty views on the implications of this technology are critically important. The purpose of this case study was to gain insights into how academics and disciplinary experts perceive their roles and responsibilities in the teaching, development, and deployment of AI. Using FIU as a case study provided a base for a contextual understanding of the complex issues surrounding AI from the perspective of key actors at a large public university. In conducting the study, 16 faculty from a range of disciplines were interviewed. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The data from the interviews were examined to identify the connectedness of ideas and develop themes to classify distinct concepts. The study found that while participants were optimistic about the transformative possibilities of AI for improving human life, they were concerned about its implications. They stressed the intensification of many social challenges by AI, including gender and racial bias in class, gender and race in automated decision-making systems, its negative impact on social media, the use of AI for manipulation of the public, and deceptive practices of internet corporations. The participants also discussed the economic impacts of AI on job markets, particularly the potential for massive job loss, as well as the role of government and higher education in mitigating the adverse impacts of AI through education and appropriate research policies. The findings of this study provide insights into the challenges of a changing society because of AI and how higher education can mitigate its impact. These findings provide a basis for improving organizational policies and practices in response to the imminent technological changes. They also inform educational and research policy formulation to promote social change

Yale Medicine Magazine, Summer 2019

This is the Summer 2019 issue of Yale Medicine Magazine, v. 53, no. 3. Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965) and Yale Medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.1 (1965) through v. 52, no.1. (Autumn, 2017).https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/yale_med_alumni_newsletters/1044/thumbnail.jp

The service sector in the classical world: focus on entertainment and well-being

Purpose: Predicting effects of artificial intelligence on service occupations can be supported by a long historical perspective. Historical databases and archaeology help reconstructing the service sector in ancient societies. Here, the purpose of this paper is to analyse occupational specialization within services in cities of ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, as well as how the service sector is reflected in architectural remains, to identify differences and similarities with today’s Europe. Design/methodology/approach: Occupational titles are traced in epigraphical and literary sources, sorted according to ISCO-08. Secondary sources are used for the architectural evidence of service activities, as well as for the role of contests and entertainment in antiquity. Findings: Compared to current European service employment, professionals were fewer in classical Athens and imperial Rome, which had a greater proportion of specialized salespersons. There were few office buildings and no civic hospitals, but heavy investment in facilities for entertainment and well-being. Quality assessments for goods were little developed; contests for cultural and sports activities assessed entertainment service quality. Research limitations/implications: This study covers two periods in classical antiquity and is restricted to Mediterranean cultures, although findings may help understanding the service sector in poor countries with informal employment. Originality/value: While particular services provided in ancient cities have been studied, there has been no broad comparative overview of their service occupations. Services in earlier societies with primitive information and communication technologies can provide clues for current developments

Futures of Responsible and Inclusive AI: How Might We Foster an Inclusive, Responsible and Foresight-Informed AI Governance Approach?

This paper seeks to investigate how we might foster an inclusive, foresight-informed responsible AI governance framework. This paper discusses the gaps and opportunities in current AI initiatives across various stakeholders and acknowledges the importance of anticipation and agility. This paper also posits that it is important for legal, policy, industry and academia to understand the specificities of each other’s domains better to build an inclusive governance framework