328 research outputs found
Intramolecular Reaction of Transient Phosphenium and Arsenium Ions Giving Rise to Isolable 9-Phospha- and 9-Arsena-Fluorenium Ions
Transient phosphenium and arsenium ions, generated by fluoride abstraction from bis(m-terphenyl)fluoropnictogens, underwent intramolecular electrophilic attack prior to methyl group migration and gave rise to isolable 9-phospha- and 9-arsena-fluorenium ions
Clinical and Experimental Applications of NIR-LED Photobiomodulation
This review presents current research on the use of far-red to near-infrared (NIR) light treatment in various in vitro and in vivo models. Low-intensity light therapy, commonly referred to as “photobiomodulation,” uses light in the far-red to near-infrared region of the spectrum (630–1000 nm) and modulates numerous cellular functions. Positive effects of NIR–light-emitting diode (LED) light treatment include acceleration of wound healing, improved recovery from ischemic injury of the heart, and attenuated degeneration of injured optic nerves by improving mitochondrial energy metabolism and production. Various in vitro and in vivo models of mitochondrial dysfunction were treated with a variety of wavelengths of NIR-LED light. These studies were performed to determine the effect of NIR-LED light treatment on physiologic and pathologic processes. NIRLED light treatment stimulates the photoacceptor cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in increased energy metabolism and production. NIR-LED light treatment accelerates wound healing in ischemic rat and murine diabetic wound healing models, attenuates the retinotoxic effects of methanol-derived formic acid in rat models, and attenuates the developmental toxicity of dioxin in chicken embryos. Furthermore, NIR-LED light treatment prevents the development of oral mucositis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. The experimental results demonstrate that NIR-LED light treatment stimulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in vitro, and accelerates cell and tissue repair in vivo. NIR-LED light represents a novel, noninvasive, therapeutic intervention for the treatment of numerous diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction
Investigations into the photophysical and electronic properties of pnictoles and Their pnictenium counterparts
The reaction of phosphole/arsole
starting materials with a series
of halide abstraction reagents afforded their respective phosphenium/arsenium
complexes. UV–vis absorption and luminescence studies on these
cations showed interesting emission profiles, which were found to
be dependent upon counterion choice. The addition of a reductant to
the phosphole reagent garnered a dimeric species with a central P–P
bond, which when heated was found to undergo homolytic bond cleavage
to produce an 11Ď€ radical complex. Electron paramagnetic resonance
(EPR), supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations,
was used to characterize this radical species
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Synthesis and characterization of n-heterocyclic phosphenium and arsenium salts
Two ligand types were employed for the one-step preparations of heavy group 15 cations, namely, diazabutadiene (DAB) and bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN). By exploiting the redox properties of these ligands, in conjunction with two different synthetic strategies, it was possible to synthesize a variety of phosphenium and arsenium salts in relatively high yields. The first synthetic method took advantage of the known equilibrium between PI/PI3 in solution. The second synthetic route employed SnCl2 as the reducing agent for converting the reactive trihalides ECl3 into the corresponding “ECl” moieties (E = P, As).Chemistr
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