The Impact of Early Imprinting on Evolution of New Venture Networks

Given the argued importance of networks to new ventures, this paper is intended to fill a noted gap in the literature pertaining to the factors that influence the evolution of new ventures\u27 alliance networks. Drawing on the imprinting literature, we propose that one has to look beyond the first partner per se, and instead focus on the extant relationships the initial partner has with other firms. More specifically, we argue and find that the network size and centrality of a new venture\u27s initial alliance partner influence the subsequent size of the new venture\u27s network

Should Auld Acquaintance Be Forgot? The Reverse Transfer of Knowledge through Mobility Ties

While mobility\u27s effect on knowledge transfer to firms that hire mobile employees is well demonstrated, we choose to explore mobility\u27s effect on knowledge transfer to firms that lose these employees. Focusing on this ‘outbound mobility’ allows us to isolate effects of social mechanisms associated with mobility. We find that semiconductor firms losing employees are more likely to subsequently cite patents of firms hiring these employees, suggesting that mobility‐driven knowledge flows are bidirectional. In addition, the outbound mobility effect is pronounced when mobility occurs between geographically distant firms, but attenuates for geographically proximate firms since other redundant knowledge channels exist within regions

The Impact of Symbolic and Substantive Actions on Environmental Legitimacy

Drawing on institutional theory and insights from stakeholder theory and impression management, we empirically analyze the impact of both environmental symbolic polices (participation in voluntary environmental programs, green trademarks, environmental-dedicated board committees, environmental pay policies and community communication) and substantive actions (environmental patents and pollution prevention practices) on environmental legitimacy. We show that (1) symbolic actions have a weaker positive effect on legitimacy than substantive actions, (2) that the impact of symbolic actions is greater when they are combined with substantive actions, (3) that this impact is only short-term while substantive actions have both short- and long-term effects

International knowledge flows and technological advance: the role of migration

This paper investigates whether knowledge flows from host to source country as a result of migration, alleviating the negative effects associated with outward migration. Using a fixed effects Poisson regression, patent citations are used as a proxy for knowledge flows and regressed on immigration and other control variables; the effect of immigration on patent citations is found to be positive and statistically significant. Additionally, the coefficient on immigration is found to be robust to different parameter changes in the model. These results suggest that reverse knowledge flows from outward migration help mitigate negative effects of outward migration on source countries

Santa Fe New Mexican, 01-05-1904

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/sfnm_news/2848/thumbnail.jp

Discerning a Christian realism for today, with special Reference to the attitudes of humility in Niebuhr's incidental writing, 1941-1952

Humility is a defining attitude of Reinhold Niebuhr's Christian realism. His formal writing asserts humility as a divine grace that transforms the Christian's personal life and as a political virtue essential to meeting Christian social responsibilities. If the formal work develops the theological framework of humility his prolific incidental work illumines its operation within the exigencies of political life. Over his lifetime Niebuhr penned thousands of essays, articles and editorials on the issues of the day. For many American Christians and public intellectuals this body of his work provided insights of faith through which they read the signs of the times.This dissertation examines the incidental writing from 1941-1952 to discern the relevance of humility in guiding American power during the 20th Century's most tumultuous era. From the incidental writing of this period four case studies are drawn in which we examine the operation of humility and its attitudes upon Niebuhr's insights into American power and international responsibility. In the first study humility is examined for its insights into Christian responsibility and the conduct of war. In the second we examine insights of humility that informed Niebuhr's understanding of the relationship between US power and the United Nations. The third case study examines the operation of humility in his account of the development and implementation of the Marshall Plan. And in the fourth the lens of humility is applied to the relationship between democratic self-criticism and the just use of power. The purpose of the case studies is not to claim that humility provides Christian realism a theological formula or policy blueprint for political action. Rather the cases demonstrate the operation of humility and its attitudes in Niebuhr's understanding of the facts, circumstances and foreseeable consequences necessary to discern a just use of American power in particular contextsThe discernments of humility reflected in the case studies are then applied to issues of contemporary America power. Here humility and its attitudes provide a lens through which we examine elements of the 2002 National Security Strategy, a document that embodies the Bush Administration's vision for the international role of American power today. Elements examined include the document's assertion of a distinctly American internationalism and its embrace of a preventative war doctrine. The conflict in Iraq provides the immediate context in which the lens of humility is applied to the National Security Strategy.The dissertation concludes that Niebuhr's insights regarding the operation of Christian humility upon Christian responsibility inform a relevant Christian realism and enable it to speak truths of faith to American power today

Footwear industry in Italy: A case study of GEOX internationalization to Portugal

The purpose of this case study is to analyse the footwear industry, focusing on Geox S.p.A., one of the main enterprise of the global footwear market, leader of the “brown shoes” category in Italy, and its relative international expansion in Portugal. Specifically, two questions would be answered: (1) “Why the franchising model?” (2) “Why going to Portugal?”. But before that, the main company’s resources and activities would be analysed in order to understand the firm’s competitive advantage and successively analyse its sustainability using the VRIO methodology. At this level, technology & innovation was found to be the main driver of the firm’s competitive advantage as well as key driver for the firms’ competitive advantage’s sustainability. In order to better answer the two questions mentioned before the international business model of the company needed to be investigated both at the manufacturing and distribution level, with a consequent focus on the company’s presence in Portugal and the factors of success in the Portuguese market in order to better state the second query and then, to give the right recommendations

The Teaching Function of Parents

In theory, a patent serves the public good because the disclosure of the invention brings new ideas and technologies to the public and induces inventive activity. But while these roles inherently depend on the ability of the patent to disseminate technical knowledge, the teaching function of patents has received very little attention. Indeed, when the document publishes, it can serve as a form of technical literature. Because patents can, at times, communicate knowledge as well as, or better than, other information sources, patents could become a competitive source of technical information. Presently, however, patents are rarely viewed in this manner. There are several reasons for this, including the lack of a working example requirement and the pervasive use of ambiguous or opaque language. My primary objective is to transform patents into readable teaching documents. Importantly, if patents are to compete with the technical literature, then they must provide the same quality of teaching. For this to happen, two things must occur. First, at least for complex inventions, an applicant must prove, through adequate detail, that the claimed invention has been constructed and works for its intended purpose. Second, applicants must be allowed to draft the document using clear and concise language, without the fear of litigation troubles. To achieve both, I contend that working examples should replace language as the principal measure of claim scope. To implement this idea, I propose a new examination protocol which gives the U.S. Patent Office the ability to request working examples when the disclosure\u27s teaching appears dubious. In exploring criticisms, I argue that, in contrast to the current disclosure framework, which can itself thwart innovation, the proposed regime will produce more technically robust patents, which will make it easier for subsequent inventors to improve upon existing patented technology, promote the diffusion of knowledge across disciplines, and serve as a driver for more creative innovation