Architecture and Protocol of a Semantic System Designed for Video Tagging with Sensor Data in Mobile Devices

Current mobile phones come with several sensors and powerful video cameras. These video cameras can be used to capture good quality scenes, which can be complemented with the information gathered by the sensors also embedded in the phones. For example, the surroundings of a beach recorded by the camera of the mobile phone, jointly with the temperature of the site can let users know via the Internet if the weather is nice enough to swim. In this paper, we present a system that tags the video frames of the video recorded from mobile phones with the data collected by the embedded sensors. The tagged video is uploaded to a video server, which is placed on the Internet and is accessible by any user. The proposed system uses a semantic approach with the stored information in order to make easy and efficient video searches. Our experimental results show that it is possible to tag video frames in real time and send the tagged video to the server with very low packet delay variations. As far as we know there is not any other application developed as the one presented in this paper

Smart Collaborative Mobile System for Taking Care of Disabled and Elderly People

Official statistics data show that in many countries the population is aging. In addition, there are several illnesses and disabilities that also affect a small sector of the population. In recent years, researchers and medical foundations are working in order to develop systems based on new technologies and enhance the quality of life of them. One of the cheapest ways is to take advantage of the features provided by the smartphones. Nowadays, the development of reduced size smartphones, but with high processing capacity, has increased dramatically. We can take profit of the sensors placed in smartphones in order to monitor disabled and elderly people. In this paper, we propose a smart collaborative system based on the sensors embedded in mobile devices, which permit us to monitor the status of a person based on what is happening in the environment, but comparing and taking decisions based on what is happening to its neighbors. The proposed protocol for the mobile ad hoc network and the smart system algorithm are described in detail. We provide some measurements showing the decisions taken for several common cases and we also show the performance of our proposal when there is a medium size group of disabled or elderly people. Our proposal can also be applied to take care of children in several situations.This work has been partially supported by the Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (NetGNA), Portugal, and by National Funding from the FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through the PEst-OE/EEI/LA0008/2011 Project.Sendra Compte, S.; Granell Romero, E.; Lloret, J.; Rodrigues, JJPC. (2014). Smart Collaborative Mobile System for Taking Care of Disabled and Elderly People. Mobile Networks and Applications. 19(3):287-302. doi:10.1007/s11036-013-0445-zS287302193Cisco Systems Inc. “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2010–2015.” White Paper, February 1, 2011Pereira O, Caldeira J, Rodrigues J (2011) Body sensor network mobile solutions for biofeedback monitoring. J Mob Netw Appl 16(6):713–732Google. Galaxy nexus (2012). Available: http://www.google.com/nexus/E. Commission. “Demography report 2010.” Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union, 2010. At http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=6824&langId=enThomas KE, Stevens JA, Sarmiento K, Wald MM (2008) Fall-related traumatic brain injury deaths and hospitalizations among older adults—United States, 2005. J Saf Res 39(3):269–272Fortino G, Giannantonio R, Gravina R, Kuryloski P, Jafari R, (2013) Enabling effective programming and flexible management of efficient body sensor network applications. IEEE Trans Hum Mach Syst 43(1):115–133Bellifemine F, Fortino G, Giannantonio R, Gravina R, Guerrieri A, Sgroi M (2011) SPINE: a domain-specific framework for rapid prototyping of WBSN applications. Softw Pract Exper 41(3):237–265Macias E, Lloret J, Suarez A, Garcia M (2012) Architecture and protocol of a semantic system designed for video tagging with sensor data in mobile devices. Sensors 12(2):2062–2087Sendra S, Granell E, Lloret J, Rodrigues JJPC. Smart Collaborative System Using the Sensors of Mobile Devices for Monitoring Disabled and Elderly People, 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Smart Communications in Network Technologies, Ottawa, Canada, June 11, 2012Lane N, Miluzzo E, Lu H, Peebles D, Choudhury T, Campbell A (2010) A survey of mobile phone sensing. IEEE Commun Mag 48(9):140–150Muldoon C, OHare G, OGrady M (2006) Collaborative agent tuning: Performance enhancement on mobile devices Engineering Societies in the Agents World VI, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 3963/2006, pp 241–258Turner H, White J, Thompson C, Zienkiewicz K, Campbell S, Schmidt DC (2009) Building Mobile Sensor Networks Using Smartphones and Web Services: Ramifications and Development Challenges, Handbook of Research on Mobility and Computing, Hershey, PA. Available: http://lsrg.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/new-ww-mobile-computing.pdfKansal A, Goraczko M, Zhao F. Building a sensor network of mobile phones, 6th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, April 24–27, 2007 pp 547–548Plaza I, Martín L, Martin S, Medrano C (2011) Mobile applications in an aging society: status and trends. J Syst Softw 84(11):1977–1988Camarinha-Matos L, Afsarmanesh H. Telecare: Collaborative virtual elderly support communities, 1st Workshop on Tele-Care and Collaborative Virtual Communities in Elderly Care, Porto, Portugal, 13 April, 2004Chen B, Pompili D (2011) Transmission of patient vital signs using wireless body area networks. J Mob Netw Appl 16(6):663–682Dai J, Bai X, Yang Z, Shen Z, Xuan D (2010) Mobile phone-based pervasive fall detection. Pers Ubiquit Comput 14(7):633–643Martin P, Sánchez MA, Álvarez L, Alonso V, Bajo J. 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Proc IEEE 95(1):215–233Arcelus A, Jones MH, Goubran R, Knoefel F (2007) Integration of smart home technologies in a health monitoring system for the elderly, 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, vol. 2, pp 820–825Kahmen H, Faig W (1988) Surveying. Walter de Gruyter & Co, New YorkSol LM870 mobile phone features. Available at: http://es.made-in-china.com/co_runrise/product_Dual-SIM-Card-Dual-Standby-GPS-Temperature-UV-Sensor-Pedometer-Sunrise-LM870-Mobile-Phone_hesighyiy.htmlSTLM20 temperature sensor features. Datashhet available at: http://www.st.com/internet/com/TECHNICAL_RESOURCES/TECHNICAL_LITERATURE/DATASHEET/CD00119601.pdfSendra S, Lloret J, Garcia M, Toledo JF (2011) Power saving and energy optimization techniques for wireless sensor networks. J Commun 6(6):439–459Matlab Website. 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Multimedia sensors embedded in smartphones for ambient assisted living and e-health

The final publication is available at link.springer.com[EN] Nowadays, it is widely extended the use of smartphones to make human life more comfortable. Moreover, there is a special interest on Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) and e-Health applications. The sensor technology is growing and amount of embedded sensors in the smartphones can be very useful for AAL and e-Health. While some sensors like the accelerometer, gyroscope or light sensor are very used in applications such as motion detection or light meter, there are other ones, like the microphone and camera which can be used as multimedia sensors. This paper reviews the published papers focused on showing proposals, designs and deployments of that make use of multimedia sensors for AAL and e-health. We have classified them as a function of their main use. They are the sound gathered by the microphone and image recorded by the camera. We also include a comparative table and analyze the gathered information.Parra-Boronat, L.; Sendra, S.; Jimenez, JM.; Lloret, J. (2016). Multimedia sensors embedded in smartphones for ambient assisted living and e-health. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 75(21):13271-13297. doi:10.1007/s11042-015-2745-8S13271132977521Acampora G, Cook DJ, Rashidi P, Vasilakos AV (2013) A survey on ambient intelligence in healthcare. Proc IEEE 101(12):2470–2494Al-Attas R, Yassine A, Shirmohammadi S (2012) Tele-Medical Applications in Home-Based Health Care. In proceeding of the 2012 I.E. International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW 2012). Jul. 9–13, 2012. Melbourne, Australia. (pp. 441–446)Alemdar H, Ersoy C (2010) Wireless sensor networks for healthcare: a survey. Comput Netw 54(15):2688–2710Alqassim S, Ganesh M, Khoja S, Zaidi M, Aloul F, Sagahyroon A (2012) Sleep apnea monitoring using mobile phones. 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Biomed Eng Online 10(1):24Bourouis A, Feham M, Hossain MA, Zhang L (2014) An intelligent mobile based decision support system for retinal disease diagnosis. Decis Support Syst 59(2014):341–350Bourouis A, Zerdazi A, Feham M, Bouchachia A (2013) M-health: skin disease analysis system using Smartphone’s camera. Procedia Comput Sci 19(2013):1116–1120M.W. Brault, (2010). Americans With Disabilities: 2010. Household Economic Studies. In United States Census Bureau website. Available at: www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-131.pdf Last Access 16 Dec 2014Breath Counter App. In Google Play website. Available at: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.softrove.app.bc Last Access 30 Nov 2014Cardinaux F, Bhowmik D, Abhayaratne C, Hawley MS (2011) Video based technology for ambient assisted living: a review of the literature. J Ambient Intell Smart Environ 3(3):253–269Cardiograph App. In Google Play website. 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Last Access 30 Nov 2014Dale O, Solheim I, Halbach T, Schulz T, Spiru L, Turcu I (2013) What seniors want in a mobile Help-On-Demand service. In proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on eHealth, Telemedicine, and Social Medicine (eTELEMED 2013). Feb. 24 – Mar. 1, 2013. Nice, France. (pp. 96–101)Estepa AJ, Estepa R, Vozmediano J, Carrillo P (2014) Dynamic VoIP codec selection on smartphones. Netw Protoc Algoritm 6(2):22–37Falk TH, Maier M (2013) Context awareness in WBANs: a survey on medical and non-medical applications. IEEE Wirel Commun 20(4):30–37Franco C, Fleury A, Guméry PY, Diot B, Demongeot J, Vuillerme N (2013) iBalance-ABF: a smartphone-based audio-biofeedback balance system. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 60(1):211–215García M, Lloret J, Bellver I, Tomás J (2013) Intelligent IPTV Distribution for Smart Phones (Book Chapter 13). In Intelligent Multimedia Technologies for Networking Applications. IGI GlobalGregoski MJ, Mueller M, Vertegel A, Shaporev A, Jackson BB, Frenzel RM, Treiber FA (2012) Development and validation of a smartphone heart rate acquisition application for health promotion and wellness telehealth applications. Int J Telemed Appl 2012, 1. Article ID 696324Grimaldi D, Kurylyak Y, Lamonaca F, Nastro A (2011) Photoplethysmography detection by smartphone’s videocamera. In proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems (IEEE IDAACS 2011), Sep. 15–17, 2011. Prague, Czech Republic. (Vol. 1, pp. 488–491)Gurrin C, Qiu Z, Hughes M, Caprani N, Doherty AR, Hodges SE, Smeaton AF (2013) The smartphone as a platform for wearable cameras in health research. Am J Prev Med 44(3):308–313Haché G, Lemaire ED, Baddour N (2011) Wearable mobility monitoring using a multimedia smartphone platform. 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Netw Protoc Algoritm 3(1):64–81Macias E, Lloret J, Suarez A, Garcia M (2012) Architecture and protocol of a semantic system designed for video tagging with sensor data in mobile devices. Sensors 12(2):2062–2087Macias E, Suarez A, Lloret J (2013) Mobile sensing systems. Sensors 13(12):17292–17321MedCam App. In Google Play website. Available at: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.cupel.MedCam . Last Access 30 Nov 2014Monteiro DM, Rodrigues JJ, Lloret J, Sendra S (2014) A hybrid NFC–Bluetooth secure protocol for Credit Transfer among mobile phones. Secur Commun Netw 7(2):325–337Mosa ASM, Yoo I, Sheets L (2012) A systematic review of healthcare applications for smartphones. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 12(1):67MyEarDroid App. In Google Play website. Available at: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tecnalia.health.myeardroid . Last Access 30 Nov 2014O’Grady MJ, Muldoon C, Dragone M, Tynan R, O’Hare GM (2010) Towards evolutionary ambient assisted living systems. 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Mobile Sensing Systems

[EN] Rich-sensor smart phones have made possible the recent birth of the mobile sensing research area as part of ubiquitous sensing which integrates other areas such as wireless sensor networks and web sensing. There are several types of mobile sensing: individual, participatory, opportunistic, crowd, social, etc. The object of sensing can be people-centered or environment-centered. The sensing domain can be home, urban, vehicular Currently there are barriers that limit the social acceptance of mobile sensing systems. Examples of social barriers are privacy concerns, restrictive laws in some countries and the absence of economic incentives that might encourage people to participate in a sensing campaign. Several technical barriers are phone energy savings and the variety of sensors and software for their management. Some existing surveys partially tackle the topic of mobile sensing systems. Published papers theoretically or partially solve the above barriers. We complete the above surveys with new works, review the barriers of mobile sensing systems and propose some ideas for efficiently implementing sensing, fusion, learning, security, privacy and energy saving for any type of mobile sensing system, and propose several realistic research challenges. The main objective is to reduce the learning curve in mobile sensing systems where the complexity is very high.This work has been partially supported by the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion", through the "Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011" in the "Subprograma de Proyectos de Investigacion Fundamental", project TEC2011-27516, and by the Polytechnic University of Valencia, through the PAID-05-12 multidisciplinary projects.Macias Lopez, EM.; Suarez Sarmiento, A.; Lloret, J. (2013). Mobile Sensing Systems. Sensors. 13(12):17292-17321. https://doi.org/10.3390/s131217292S1729217321131