ECOS 2012

The 8-volume set contains the Proceedings of the 25th ECOS 2012 International Conference, Perugia, Italy, June 26th to June 29th, 2012. ECOS is an acronym for Efficiency, Cost, Optimization and Simulation (of energy conversion systems and processes), summarizing the topics covered in ECOS: Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Exergy and Second Law Analysis, Process Integration and Heat Exchanger Networks, Fluid Dynamics and Power Plant Components, Fuel Cells, Simulation of Energy Conversion Systems, Renewable Energies, Thermo-Economic Analysis and Optimisation, Combustion, Chemical Reactors, Carbon Capture and Sequestration, Building/Urban/Complex Energy Systems, Water Desalination and Use of Water Resources, Energy Systems- Environmental and Sustainability Issues, System Operation/ Control/Diagnosis and Prognosis, Industrial Ecology

Industry and Tertiary Sectors towards Clean Energy Transition

The clean energy transition is the transition from the use of nonrenewable energy sources to renewable sources and is part of the wider transition to sustainable economies through the use of renewable energy, the adoption of energy-saving measures, and sustainable development techniques. The clean energy transition is a long and complex process that will lead to an epochal change, and it will allow safeguarding the health of the environment in the long term. For its success, it necessitates contribution from everyone, from the individual citizen to large multinationals, passing through SMEs; national and international policies play a key role in paving the way to this process. This Special Issue is focused on technical, financial, and policy-related aspects linked to the transition of industrial and service sectors towards energy saving and decarbonization. These different aspects are interrelated and, as such, they have been analyzed with an interdisciplinary approach, for example, by combining economic and technical information. The collected papers focus on energy efficiency and clean-energy key technologies, renewable sources, energy management and monitoring systems, energy policies and regulations, and economic and financial aspects

Online adaptive and intelligent control strategies for multizone VAV systems

Nearly one half of the total energy used in buildings is consumed by HVAC systems. With escalating cost of energy, several energy efficiency strategies have been implemented in buildings. Among these, the use of VAV systems, and improved method of controlling such systems have received greater attention. This thesis is devoted to design and development of online adaptive control strategies which will be augmented with optimal and intelligent-control algorithms. The considered VAV system consists of zone air temperature control, discharge air temperature control, water temperature control and air pressure control loops. Online adaptive control strategies are developed for these control loops. In order to design reliable online controls a robust RLS identification algorithm for estimating the parameters of the modeled processes is developed. It is shown that this algorithm avoids wrong estimation and requires fewer variables compared with classical RLS techniques. Three different online control strategies were designed. These are: a robust optimal control algorithm (ROCA), a simplified optimal adaptive control (SOAC) for FOPDT systems, and a two-loop adaptive control strategy which improves both temperature and airflow regulations in VAV systems. ROCA is an on-line optimal proportional-integral plus feedforward controller tuning algorithm for SISO thermal processes in HVAC systems. It was optimized by combining the H {592} based PI tuning It is shown that the two-loop adaptive control strategy has both stronger robustness to time-varying thermal loads and lower sensitivity to airflow rate changes into other zones. The developed control strategies were tested by simulation and experiments in a VAV laboratory test facility which uses existing energy management control systems used in commercial buildings. Also, an adaptive neural network controller is developed. The proposed controller was constructed by augmenting the PID control structure with a neural network control algorithm and an adaptive balance parameter. Simulation results show that the proposed controller has stronger robustness, improved regulation and tracking functions for FOPDT type plants compared to classical PID controllers. Experiments were conducted to verify the characteristics of the developed controller on the DAS in a two-zone VAV test facility. Applications of the developed control strategies to different control loops in VAV system were demonstrated by conducting several experimental tests under realistic operating condition

Energy, Science and Technology 2015. The energy conference for scientists and researchers. Book of Abstracts, EST, Energy Science Technology, International Conference & Exhibition, 20-22 May 2015, Karlsruhe, Germany

We are pleased to present you this Book of Abstracts, which contains the submitted contributions to the "Energy, Science and Technology Conference & Exhibition EST 2015". The EST 2015 took place from May, 20th until May, 22nd 2015 in Karlsruhe, Germany, and brought together many different stakeholders, who do research or work in the broad field of "Energy". Renewable energies have to present a relevant share in a sustainable energy system and energy efficiency has to guarantee that conventional as well as renewable energy sources are transformed and used in a reasonable way. The adaption of existing infrastructure and the establishment of new systems, storages and grids are necessary to face the challenges of a changing energy sector. Those three main topics have been the fundament of the EST 2015, which served as a platform for national and international attendees to discuss and interconnect the various disciplines within energy research and energy business. We thank the authors, who summarised their high-quality and important results and experiences within one-paged abstracts and made the conference and this book possible. The abstracts of this book have been peer-reviewed by an international Scientific Programme Committee and are ordered by type of presentation (oral or poster) and topics. You can navigate by using either the table of contents (page 3) or the conference programme (starting page 4 for oral presentations and page 21 for posters respectively)

ECOS 2010 Volume I (Thermodynamics)

ECOS2010 - 23rd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, June 14-17 2010, Lausanne, Switzerland Ecoefficiency and renewable energy for a sustainable world + Developments, application and teaching of methods in: - Basic and applied thermodynamics - Thermoeconomics and environomics - Simulation, improvement and optimization of energy conversion systems - Process design, analysis and integration of thermal and chemical systems - Diagnostic and control of thermal systems - Environmental impact and sustainability of energy systems + Relevant physical systems - Conventional and advanced power plants - Polygeneration and District heating/cooling systems - New technologies in heat pumps, refrigeration and air conditioning - New technologies for electricity (co)generation - Industrial process plants - Energy storage - Carbon Capture and Storage - Hydrogen and natural gas technologies - Biomass conversion systems - Energy conversion systems for transportation - Water Desalination and Treatment + Focus points - Technology, environmental and economical aspects of biofuels and other renewable energies (biomass, geothermal, thermal solar) - Fuel cells systems - Heat pumps and Organic Rankine Cycle

Recent Development of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

Abstract: The use of renewable energies continues to increase. However, the energy obtained from renewable resources is variable over time. The amount of energy produced from the renewable energy sources (RES) over time depends on the meteorological conditions of the region chosen, the season, the relief, etc. So, variable power and nonguaranteed energy produced by renewable sources implies intermittence of the grid. The key lies in supply sources integrated to a hybrid system (HS)

Caratterizzazione dei parametri di un reservoir geotermico tramite la risoluzione del problema inverso e le simulazioni geostatistiche

BTES (borehole thermal energy storage)systems exchange thermal energy by conduction with the surrounding ground through borehole materials. The spatial variability of the geological properties and the space-time variability of hydrogeological conditions affect the real power rate of heat exchangers and, consequently, the amount of energy extracted from / injected into the ground. For this reason, it is not an easy task to identify the underground thermal properties to use when designing. At the current state of technology, Thermal Response Test (TRT) is the in situ test for the characterization of ground thermal properties with the higher degree of accuracy, but it doesn’t fully solve the problem of characterizing the thermal properties of a shallow geothermal reservoir, simply because it characterizes only the neighborhood of the heat exchanger at hand and only for the test duration. Different analytical and numerical models exist for the characterization of shallow geothermal reservoir, but they are still inadequate and not exhaustive: more sophisticated models must be taken into account and a geostatistical approach is needed to tackle natural variability and estimates uncertainty. The approach adopted for reservoir characterization is the “inverse problem”, typical of oil&gas field analysis. Similarly, we create different realizations of thermal properties by direct sequential simulation and we find the best one fitting real production data (fluid temperature along time). The software used to develop heat production simulation is FEFLOW 5.4 (Finite Element subsurface FLOW system). A geostatistical reservoir model has been set up based on literature thermal properties data and spatial variability hypotheses, and a real TRT has been tested. Then we analyzed and used as well two other codes (SA-Geotherm and FV-Geotherm) which are two implementation of the same numerical model of FEFLOW (Al-Khoury model)

Proceedings of the 10th International Chemical and Biological Engineering Conference - CHEMPOR 2008

This volume contains full papers presented at the 10th International Chemical and Biological Engineering Conference - CHEMPOR 2008, held in Braga, Portugal, between September 4th and 6th, 2008.FC