The Cowlitz Corridor: the Passage Through Time

The purpose of this thesis is to study the earliest recorded history of the Cowlitz River corridor, focusing on early exploration and settlement. The importance of the corridor as a major transportation route linking Puget Sound to the north and the Columbia Willamette waterways to the south is emphasized with primary source observations. The study is based on both primary and secondary source materials housed in libraries throughout the Pacific Northwest and Canada. Among the sources include letters, journals, federal documents, periodicals, articles, drawings and monographs

William Grant Broughton and his early years in New South Wales

William Grant Broughton had a place in early histories of Australia. Then around 1910 he faded before a growing preoccupation with economic factors as the true substance of a proper story of early colonial life. The last decade has seen a change. In a series of religious, intellectual, and biographical studies a number of people, and among them Broughton, have been returned their roles in the colonial drama. Yet for Broughton it has not been a happy comeback. He has been cast in the role of a humourless and unbending Tory, and made out to be something of an absurdity in gaiters in a land of gum trees; eminently quotable for a good joke, but an undoubted sojourner who longed for an invitation to return to the land of his fathers, to its green pastures and settled ways. The tragedy of his life was that the invitation never came; and that too, it has been implied, was a tragedy for colonial life. My interest in Broughton began with a suspicion that there could possibly be another and a different Broughton. When the Bishop died in 1853 the Annual Register, which jealously tailored its obituary space to its client’s social status, threw tradition to the wind and bade Broughton farewell with a notice worthy of the cousins of royalty. At the same time the picks and shovels of labourers were to be heard for the first time since the Reformation preparing in the his nave of Canterbury’s Cathedral a home for /bones. What some men said and others did was performed in honour of one who had been only a few months in England after fifteen continuous years of absence. What stirred men to honour Broughton in this manner? The explanation peeping through recent historical scholarship did not supply a satisfactory answer. And this dissatisfaction was heightened by a realisation that this so-called sojourner came for a few years and stayed a lifetime. Moreover, he came for the rewards and lived to give half his annual salary away at a time inflation further reduced the value of the remaining half. Neither action spoke of a man who felt himself an exile in a strange land. They suggested the opposite; and told the tale of a man who came increasingly to identify himself with the colony and its people. So the problem of Broughton was born

An historical geography of the Nilgiri cinchona plantations, 1860-1900

In 1859, the British government launched an expedition to South America with the aim of collecting seeds and plants of the quinine-producing cinchona tree for establishing plantations in British India, so as to relieve the British Government of the escalating costs and uncertainties in the supply of this valuable, and increasingly popular anti-malarial drug. Drawing on recent work on the commodities of empire, tropical acclimatization, and imperial medicine, this thesis provides a detailed study of the first British cinchona plantations established on the Nilgiri Hills of Southern India. Focused on the period between 1860 and 1900, and at the local geographic scale, the research critically examines the engagement and connections between government officials, planters, venture capitalists, labourers, plant material and ideas in the context of the cinchona plantations through a thorough study of archival and secondary sources. Contributions are also made to the study of the spaces of science and the management of the tropical environment. Cinchona is placed in a wider context of the history of botany and plantations in the Nilgiri region, and the major events in the development of cinchona plantations described. In the resulting historical geography the Nilgiri cinchona plantations emerge as a 'nodal' point in the global cinchona network that also relied upon global networks of imperial power, capital and leisure tourism. The experiment was essentially an exertion of power but one that also demonstrated the very vulnerable nature of the empire

1885 - History of California, Volume 1 Theodore Henry Hittell

Volume I details the discovery of California, Coretes\u27 expedition to California, including the voyage and discoveries of Francisco de Ulloa, expedition of Coronado to Cibola and Quivira, discovery of Alta California by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, the Philippines trade, Francis Drake, New Albion, Thomas Cavendish, Woodes Rogers, Privateersman Captain George Shelvocke, governors of California; Mexican independence from Spain, Northwest-Coast fur trade, overland expeditions and explorations to the West, Indian religion and superstitions.https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/hornbeck_usa_3_d/1095/thumbnail.jp

An historical geography of the Nilgiri cinchona plantations, 1860-1900

In 1859, the British government launched an expedition to South America with the aim of collecting seeds and plants of the quinine-producing cinchona tree for establishing plantations in British India, so as to relieve the British Government of the escalating costs and uncertainties in the supply of this valuable, and increasingly popular anti-malarial drug. Drawing on recent work on the commodities of empire, tropical acclimatization, and imperial medicine, this thesis provides a detailed study of the first British cinchona plantations established on the Nilgiri Hills of Southern India. Focused on the period between 1860 and 1900, and at the local geographic scale, the research critically examines the engagement and connections between government officials, planters, venture capitalists, labourers, plant material and ideas in the context of the cinchona plantations through a thorough study of archival and secondary sources. Contributions are also made to the study of the spaces of science and the management of the tropical environment. Cinchona is placed in a wider context of the history of botany and plantations in the Nilgiri region, and the major events in the development of cinchona plantations described. In the resulting historical geography the Nilgiri cinchona plantations emerge as a 'nodal' point in the global cinchona network that also relied upon global networks of imperial power, capital and leisure tourism. The experiment was essentially an exertion of power but one that also demonstrated the very vulnerable nature of the empire