88,410 research outputs found
Privately Connecting Mobility to Infectious Diseases via Applied Cryptography
Human mobility is undisputedly one of the critical factors in infectious
disease dynamics. Until a few years ago, researchers had to rely on static data
to model human mobility, which was then combined with a transmission model of a
particular disease resulting in an epidemiological model. Recent works have
consistently been showing that substituting the static mobility data with
mobile phone data leads to significantly more accurate models. While prior
studies have exclusively relied on a mobile network operator's subscribers'
aggregated data, it may be preferable to contemplate aggregated mobility data
of infected individuals only. Clearly, naively linking mobile phone data with
infected individuals would massively intrude privacy. This research aims to
develop a solution that reports the aggregated mobile phone location data of
infected individuals while still maintaining compliance with privacy
expectations. To achieve privacy, we use homomorphic encryption, zero-knowledge
proof techniques, and differential privacy. Our protocol's open-source
implementation can process eight million subscribers in one and a half hours.
Additionally, we provide a legal analysis of our solution with regards to the
EU General Data Protection Regulation.Comment: Added differentlial privacy experiments and new benchmark
Understanding Database Reconstruction Attacks on Public Data
In 2020 the U.S. Census Bureau will conduct the Constitutionally mandated decennial Census of Population and Housing. Because a census involves collecting large amounts of private data under the promise of confidentiality, traditionally statistics are published only at high levels of aggregation. Published statistical tables are vulnerable to DRAs (database reconstruction attacks), in which the underlying microdata is recovered merely by finding a set of microdata that is consistent with the published statistical tabulations. A DRA can be performed by using the tables to create a set of mathematical constraints and then solving the resulting set of simultaneous equations. This article shows how such an attack can be addressed by adding noise to the published tabulations, so that the reconstruction no longer results in the original data
Deep Space Network information system architecture study
The purpose of this article is to describe an architecture for the Deep Space Network (DSN) information system in the years 2000-2010 and to provide guidelines for its evolution during the 1990s. The study scope is defined to be from the front-end areas at the antennas to the end users (spacecraft teams, principal investigators, archival storage systems, and non-NASA partners). The architectural vision provides guidance for major DSN implementation efforts during the next decade. A strong motivation for the study is an expected dramatic improvement in information-systems technologies, such as the following: computer processing, automation technology (including knowledge-based systems), networking and data transport, software and hardware engineering, and human-interface technology. The proposed Ground Information System has the following major features: unified architecture from the front-end area to the end user; open-systems standards to achieve interoperability; DSN production of level 0 data; delivery of level 0 data from the Deep Space Communications Complex, if desired; dedicated telemetry processors for each receiver; security against unauthorized access and errors; and highly automated monitor and control
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