Annotating Relationships between Multiple Mixed-media Digital Objects by Extending Annotea

Annotea provides an annotation protocol to support collaborative Semantic Web-based annotation of digital resources accessible through the Web. It provides a model whereby a user may attach supplementary information to a resource or part of a resource in the form of: either a simple textual comment; a hyperlink to another web page; a local file; or a semantic tag extracted from a formal ontology and controlled vocabulary. Hence, annotations can be used to attach subjective notes, comments, rankings, queries or tags to enable semantic reasoning across web resources. More recently tabbed Browsers and specific annotation tools, allow users to view several resources (e.g., images, video, audio, text, HTML, PDF) simultaneously in order to carry out side-by-side comparisons. In such scenarios, users frequently want to be able to create and annotate a link or relationship between two or more objects or between segments within those objects. For example, a user might want to create a link between a scene in an original film and the corresponding scene in a remake and attach an annotation to that link. Based on past experiences gained from implementing Annotea within different communities in order to enable knowledge capture, this paper describes and compares alternative ways in which the Annotea Schema may be extended for the purpose of annotating links between multiple resources (or segments of resources). It concludes by identifying and recommending an optimum approach which will enhance the power, flexibility and applicability of Annotea in many domains

Annotating Relationships between Multiple Mixed-media Digital Objects by Extending Annotea

Annotea provides an annotation protocol to support collaborative Semantic Web-based annotation of digital resources accessible through the Web. It provides a model whereby a user may attach supplementary information to a resource or part of a resource in the form of: either a simple textual comment; a hyperlink to another web page; a local file; or a semantic tag extracted from a formal ontology and controlled vocabulary. Hence, annotations can be used to attach subjective notes, comments, rankings, queries or tags to enable semantic reasoning across web resources. More recently tabbed Browsers and specific annotation tools, allow users to view several resources (e.g., images, video, audio, text, HTML, PDF) simultaneously in order to carry out side-by-side comparisons. In such scenarios, users frequently want to be able to create and annotate a link or relationship between two or more objects or between segments within those objects. For example, a user might want to create a link between a scene in an original film and the corresponding scene in a remake and attach an annotation to that link. Based on past experiences gained from implementing Annotea within different communities in order to enable knowledge capture, this paper describes and compares alternative ways in which the Annotea Schema may be extended for the purpose of annotating links between multiple resources (or segments of resources). It concludes by identifying and recommending an optimum approach which will enhance the power, flexibility and applicability of Annotea in many domains

Provenance-aware knowledge representation: A survey of data models and contextualized knowledge graphs

Expressing machine-interpretable statements in the form of subject-predicate-object triples is a well-established practice for capturing semantics of structured data. However, the standard used for representing these triples, RDF, inherently lacks the mechanism to attach provenance data, which would be crucial to make automatically generated and/or processed data authoritative. This paper is a critical review of data models, annotation frameworks, knowledge organization systems, serialization syntaxes, and algebras that enable provenance-aware RDF statements. The various approaches are assessed in terms of standard compliance, formal semantics, tuple type, vocabulary term usage, blank nodes, provenance granularity, and scalability. This can be used to advance existing solutions and help implementers to select the most suitable approach (or a combination of approaches) for their applications. Moreover, the analysis of the mechanisms and their limitations highlighted in this paper can serve as the basis for novel approaches in RDF-powered applications with increasing provenance needs

Collaboration in the Semantic Grid: a Basis for e-Learning

The CoAKTinG project aims to advance the state of the art in collaborative mediated spaces for the Semantic Grid. This paper presents an overview of the hypertext and knowledge based tools which have been deployed to augment existing collaborative environments, and the ontology which is used to exchange structure, promote enhanced process tracking, and aid navigation of resources before, after, and while a collaboration occurs. While the primary focus of the project has been supporting e-Science, this paper also explores the similarities and application of CoAKTinG technologies as part of a human-centred design approach to e-Learning

Semantic Annotation of Mutable Data

Electronic annotation of scientific data is very similar to annotation of documents. Both types of annotation amplify the original object, add related knowledge to it, and dispute or support assertions in it. In each case, annotation is a framework for discourse about the original object, and, in each case, an annotation needs to clearly identify its scope and its own terminology. However, electronic annotation of data differs from annotation of documents: the content of the annotations, including expectations and supporting evidence, is more often shared among members of networks. Any consequent actions taken by the holders of the annotated data could be shared as well. But even those current annotation systems that admit data as their subject often make it difficult or impossible to annotate at fine-enough granularity to use the results in this way for data quality control. We address these kinds of issues by offering simple extensions to an existing annotation ontology and describe how the results support an interest-based distribution of annotations. We are using the result to design and deploy a platform that supports annotation services overlaid on networks of distributed data, with particular application to data quality control. Our initial instance supports a set of natural science collection metadata services. An important application is the support for data quality control and provision of missing data. A previous proof of concept demonstrated such use based on data annotations modeled with XML-Schema

Deliverable D2.2 Specification of lightweight metadata models for multimedia annotation

This deliverable presents a state-of-art and requirements analysis report for the LinkedTV metadata model as part of the WP2 of the LinkedTV project. More precisely, we first provide a comprehensive overview of numerous multimedia metadata formats and standards that have been proposed by various communities: broadcast industry, multimedia analysis industry, news and photo industry, web community, etc. Then, we derive a number of requirements for a LinkedTV metadata model. Next, we present what will be the LinkedTV metadata ontology, a set of built-in classes and properties added to a number of well-used vocabularies for representing the different metadata dimensions used in LinkedTV, namely: legacy metadata covering both broadcast information in the wide sense and content metadata and multimedia analysis results at a very fine grained level. We finally provide a set of useful SPARQL queries that have been evaluated in order to show the usefulness and expressivity of our proposed ontology

Identity in research infrastructure and scientific communication: Report from the 1st IRISC workshop, Helsinki Sep 12-13, 2011

Motivation for the IRISC workshop came from the observation that identity and digital identification are increasingly important factors in modern scientific research, especially with the now near-ubiquitous use of the Internet as a global medium for dissemination and debate of scientific knowledge and data, and as a platform for scientific collaborations and large-scale e-science activities.

The 1 1/2 day IRISC2011 workshop sought to explore a series of interrelated topics under two main themes: i) unambiguously identifying authors/creators & attributing their scholarly works, and ii) individual identification and access management in the context of identity federations. Specific aims of the workshop included:

• Raising overall awareness of key technical and non-technical challenges, opportunities and developments.
• Facilitating a dialogue, cross-pollination of ideas, collaboration and coordination between diverse – and largely unconnected – communities.
• Identifying & discussing existing/emerging technologies, best practices and requirements for researcher identification.

This report provides background information on key identification-related concepts & projects, describes workshop proceedings and summarizes key workshop findings

The landscape of multimedia ontologies in the last decade

Many efforts have been made in the area of multimedia to bridge the socalled “semantic-gap” with the implementation of ontologies from 2001 to the present. In this paper, we provide a comparative study of the most well-known ontologies related to multimedia aspects. This comparative study has been done based on a framework proposed in this paper and called FRAMECOMMON. This framework takes into account process-oriented dimension, such as the methodological one, and outcome-oriented dimensions, like multimedia aspects, understandability, and evaluation criteria. Finally, we derive some conclusions concerning this one decade state-of-art in multimedia ontologies

Multimedia Annotation Interoperability Framework

Multimedia systems typically contain digital documents of mixed media types, which are indexed on the basis of strongly divergent metadata standards. This severely hamplers the inter-operation of such systems. Therefore, machine understanding of metadata comming from different applications is a basic requirement for the inter-operation of distributed Multimedia systems. In this document, we present how interoperability among metadata, vocabularies/ontologies and services is enhanced using Semantic Web technologies. In addition, it provides guidelines for semantic interoperability, illustrated by use cases. Finally, it presents an overview of the most commonly used metadata standards and tools, and provides the general research direction for semantic interoperability using Semantic Web technologies

A Case Study of Trust Issues in Scientific Video Collections

In-situ video recording of underwater ecosystems is able to provide valuable information for biology research and natural resources management, e.g. changes in species abundance. Searching the videos manually, however, requires costly human effort. Our video analysis tool supports the key task of counting different species of fish, allowing marine biologists to query the video collection without watching the videos. To be suitable for scientific research on changes in species abundance, the video data must include data provenance information that reflects the potential biases introduced through the video processing.In order to trust the analyses made by the system, we need to provide expert users with sufficient information to allow them to interpret these potential biases. We conducted two user studies to design a user interface that includes data provenance information. Our qualitative analysis discusses the support for understanding the reliability of video analysis, and trusting the results it produces. Our main finding is that disclosing details about the video processing and provenance data allows biologists to compare the results with their traditional statistical methods, thus increasing their trust in the results