Dependent infrastructure system modeling: A case study of the St. Kitts power and water distribution systems

Critical infrastructure systems underlie the economy, national security, and health of modern society. These infrastructures have become increasingly dependent on each other, which poses challenges when modeling these systems. Although a number of methods have been developed for this problem, few case studies that model real-world dependent infrastructures have been conducted. In this paper, we aim to provide another example of such a case study by modeling a real-world water distribution system dependent on a power system. Unlike in the limited previous case studies, our case study is in a developing nation context. This makes the availability of data about the infrastructure systems in this case study very limited, which is a common characteristic of real-world studies in many settings. Thus, a main contribution of the paper is to show how one can still develop representative, useful models for systems in the context of limited data. To demonstrate the utility of these types of models, two examples of different analyses are performed, where the results provide information about the most vulnerable parts of the infrastructures and critical linkages between the power and water distribution systems.publishedVersio

Implementation of Trademark Registration in Pekanbaru

Background. The use of Intellectual Property Rights, especially product brand registration for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, has not been running optimally in Indonesia, and especially in the city of Pekanbaru, due to the lack of understanding of home industry entrepreneurs about brands and registration procedures, lack of technical guidance and programmatic socialization from the Regional Government. Purpose. This study aims to analyze the low implementation of product trademark registration for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and to analyze the role of the local government of Pekanbaru city in the implementation of product trademark registration for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in improving trade business. Method. The approach used in this study is a normative juridical approach and an empirical juridical approach to obtain correct and objective research results. Results. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the implementation of product trademark registration for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Pekanbaru city has not been running as expected, as evidenced in 2022, out of 25,074 trademarks circulating in the market, only 8 (eight) have implemented their trademark registration. Conclusion. Furthermore, it is known that the role of local government in the implementation of trademark registration for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Pekanbaru city is not running as expected, because the local government of Pekanbaru city has not given maximum attention to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises so that they do not develop and make updates in innovating in accordance with science and technology and community needs