Détection automatique des parcelles sur les plans napoléoniens : comparaison de deux méthodes

Le cadastre napoléonien fournit la description la plus détaillée du territoire français dans sa globalité au xixe siècle. Il contient une mine d’informations (structure des parcelles cadastrales, numéro des parcelles, tracé des rivières et des routes, toponymie, bâti…) auxquelles les chercheurs en sciences humaines (archéologues, historiens, urbanistes…) s’intéressent de plus en plus, notamment pour mener des analyses historiques du territoire. Les travaux présentés ici s’inscrivent dans cette perspective et proposent une chaîne de traitement semi-automatique permettant de vectoriser, géoréférencer et assembler des planches scannées du cadastre ancien afin de construire une base de données multi-époques. Dans cet article, nous abordons plus particulièrement les solutions adoptées pour l’étape de vectorisation automatique des parcelles en comparant deux méthodes, l’une basée sur la transformée de Hough probabiliste (THP) et l’autre sur l’algorithme Line Segment Detector (LSD). Après avoir précisé comment ces méthodes ont été implémentées pour notre étude, nous présentons les résultats obtenus, qui montrent la supériorité de la méthode LSD sur la méthode THP pour les planches cadastrales les plus anciennes.The most detailed geographic description of France’s whole 19th-century territory is the Napoleonic cadastre. It contains a wealth of information (e.g. cadastre lot structure, lot numbering, rivers and road shapes, toponymy, buildings…) which underpin most historical studies of land usage and transformation. We therefore decided to develop a semi-automatic toolchain able to vectorise, georeference and combine scanned old cadastre sheets in order to build a multi-epoch database describing land property. In this article, we focus on the automatic vectorisation of the parcels’ shapes and assess the respective merits of two methods we tested: the first based on the Probabilistic Hough Transform (PHT) and the second on the Line Segment Detector (LSD) algorithm. After explaining how we implemented these two methods, we present the results, which show that the LSD approach performs better on the oldest cadastre sheets

Cartografía antigua catastral para la detección de cambios de cultivo: los mapas topográficos parcelarios de Alboraya (1930–2013)

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la utilización de la información catastral (geográfica y literal) para determinar y cuantificar los cambios de tipos de cultivo en una determinada zona, entre dos periodos de tiempo determinados. Para ello, se estudian los cambios experimentados desde 1930 en una zona agrícola del municipio de Alboraya, Valencia (España). Como fuente de información se utilizan los datos de las parcelas del catastro de rústica del polígono catastral 4. Se utiliza como información antigua catastral, el Mapa Topográfico Parcelario (MTP) de 1930, y el listado de parcelas asociado en formato papel; y se compara con la última información catastral disponible en formato digital. Esta investigación compara los cultivos registrados en ambos periodos. Durante el proceso, se estudian las características y factores condicionantes a cumplir por la información base de estudio (disponibilidad, formato, antigüedad, técnica de ejecución de cartografía y georreferenciación), para evaluar las ventajas y limitaciones del método. Como conclusión, destacar la utilidad de la cartografía antigua catastral para la detección de cambios de tipo de cultivo. El uso del MTP permite cuantificar y delimitar con detalle los cambios producidos en cada elemento del territorio

Urban Informatics

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity

Urban Informatics

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity

Urban Informatics

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity

EG-ICE 2021 Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering

The 28th EG-ICE International Workshop 2021 brings together international experts working at the interface between advanced computing and modern engineering challenges. Many engineering tasks require open-world resolutions to support multi-actor collaboration, coping with approximate models, providing effective engineer-computer interaction, search in multi-dimensional solution spaces, accommodating uncertainty, including specialist domain knowledge, performing sensor-data interpretation and dealing with incomplete knowledge. While results from computer science provide much initial support for resolution, adaptation is unavoidable and most importantly, feedback from addressing engineering challenges drives fundamental computer-science research. Competence and knowledge transfer goes both ways

EG-ICE 2021 Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering

The 28th EG-ICE International Workshop 2021 brings together international experts working at the interface between advanced computing and modern engineering challenges. Many engineering tasks require open-world resolutions to support multi-actor collaboration, coping with approximate models, providing effective engineer-computer interaction, search in multi-dimensional solution spaces, accommodating uncertainty, including specialist domain knowledge, performing sensor-data interpretation and dealing with incomplete knowledge. While results from computer science provide much initial support for resolution, adaptation is unavoidable and most importantly, feedback from addressing engineering challenges drives fundamental computer-science research. Competence and knowledge transfer goes both ways

General Course Catalog [July-December 2020]

Undergraduate Course Catalog, July-December 2020https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/undergencat/1132/thumbnail.jp