2 research outputs found
Building Energy Audit Report for Camp Smith, HI
A detailed energy assessment was performed by a team of engineers from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) under contract to the Department of Energy/Federal Energy Management program (FEMP). The effort used the Facility Energy Decision System (FEDS) model to determine how energy is consumed at Camp Smith, identify the most cost-effective energy retrofit measures, and calculate the potential energy and cost savings. This report documents the results of that assessment
Design and evaluation of a shape retrieval system
PhD ThesisWhile automated storage and retrieval systems for textual and numeric data are now
commonplace, the development of analogous systems for pictorial data has lagged behind
- not through the lack of need for such systems, but because their development involves
a number of significant problems.
The aim of this project is to investigate these problems by designing and evaluating an
information retrieval system for a specific class of picture, 2-dimensional engineering
drawings. This involves consideration of the retrieval capabilities needed by such· a
system, what storage structures it would require, how the salient features of each drawing
should be represented, how query and stored shapes should be matched, what features
were of greatest importance in retrieval, and the interfaces necessary to formulate queries
and display results.
A form of hierarchical boundary representation has been devised for stored shapes, in
which each boundary can be viewed as a series of levels of steadily increasing
complexity. A set of rules for boundary and segment ordering ensures that as far as
possible, each shape has a unique representation. For each level at which each boundary
can be viewed, a set of invariant shape features characterizing that level is extracted and
added to the shape representation stored in the database. Two classes of boundary feature
have been defmed; global features, characteristic of the boundary as a whole, and local
features, corresponding to individual fragments of the boundary. To complete the shape
description, position features are also computed and stored, to specify the pattern of inner
boundaries within the overall shape.
Six different tYPes of shape retrieval have been distinguished, although the prototype
system can offer only three of these - exact shape matching, partial shape matching and
similarity matching. Complete or incomplete query shapes can be built up at a terminal,
and subjected to a feature extraction process similar to that for stored drawings, yielding
a query fIle that can be matched against the shape database. A variety of matching
techniques is provided, including similarity estimation using global or local features, tests
for the existence of specified local features in stored drawings, and cumulative angle vs
distance matching between query and stored shape boundaries. Results can be displayed
in text or graphical form.
The retrieval performance of the system in similarity matching mode has been evaluated
by comparing its rankings of shapes retrieved in response to test queries with those
obtained by a group of human subjects faced with the same task. Results, expressed as
normalized recall and precision, are encouraging, particularly for similarity estimation
using either global or local boundary features. While the detailed results are of limited
significance until confrrmed with larger test collections, they appear sufficiently
promising to warrant the development of a more advanced prototype capable of handling
3-D geometric models. Some design aspects of the system would appear to be applicable
to a wider range of pictorial information systems