Performance Analysis of a Chaos-Based Multi-User Communication System Implemented in DSP Technology

This paper presents the implementation of a multi-user chaos-based communication system in DSP. The system is based on the chaotic phase shift keying (CPSK) digital modulation scheme, where chaotic signals are used as the spreading sequences of a CDMA system. Using chaotic signals offers the advantages of increased security and higher system capacity compared with conventional sequences. The aim of this hardware implementation was to enable a comparison against analytical performance results for CPSK. The transceiver prototype was implemented on a 32-bit floating-point TigerSHARC DSP. Its bit error rate (BER) characteristics were measured in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise. The prototype achieves excellent BER performance, matching that of theoretical CPSK. The effects of the limited number precision of the hardware platform are thus negligible. However, due to the limited concurrency of DSP, the multi-user system only supports low data rates

DSP Prototype of a Chaos-Based Multi-User Communication System: Design and Performance Analysis

This paper presents the implementation of a multi-user chaos-based communication system in DSP (digital signal processor) technology. The system is based on the chaotic phase shift keying (CPSK) digital modulation scheme, where chaotic signals are used as the spreading sequences of a CDMA (code division multiple access) system. Using chaotic signals offers the advantages of increased security and higher system capacity compared with conventional sequences. The aim of this hardware implementation was to enable a comparison against analytical performance results for CPSK. The transceiver prototype was implemented on a 32-bit floating-point TigerSHARC DSP. Its bit error rate (BER) characteristics were measured in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise. The prototype achieves excellent BER performance, matching that of theoretical CPSK. The effects of the limited number precision of the hardware platform are thus negligible. However, due to the limited concurrency of DSP, the multi-user system only supports low data rates. Despite this, the prototype demonstrates that the CPSK scheme is a promising and viable CDMA option for the future

Iterative Decoding of K/N Convolutional Codes based on Recurrent Neural Network with Stopping Criterion

This paper outlines a novel iterative decoding technique for a rate K/N convolutional code based on recurrent neural network (RNN) with stopping criterion. The algorithm is introduced by describing the theoretical models of the encoder and decoder. In particular this paper focuses on the investigation of a stopping criterion on the iterating procedure in order to minimize the decoding time yet still obtain an optimal BER performance. The simulation results of a rate 1/2 and 2/3 encoders respectively in comparison with the conventional Viterbi decoder are also presente

Performance Analysis of a Chaos-Based Multi-User Communication System Implemented in DSP Technology

Abstrac

Multi-dimensional direct-sequence spread spectrum multiple-access communication with adaptive channel coding

During the race towards the4th generation (4G) cellular-based digital communication systems, a growth in the demand for high capacity, multi-media capable, improved Quality-of-Service (QoS) mobile communication systems have caused the developing mobile communications world to turn towards betterMultiple Access (MA) techniques, like Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) [5]. The demand for higher throughput and better QoS in future 4G systems have also given rise to a scheme that is becoming ever more popular for use in these so-called ‘bandwidth-on-demand’ systems. This scheme is known as adaptive channel coding, and gives a system the ability to firstly sense changes in conditions, and secondly, to adapt to these changes, exploiting the fact that under good channel conditions, a very simple or even no channel coding scheme can be used for Forward Error Correction(FEC). This will ultimately result in better system throughput utilization. One such scheme, known as incremental redundancy, is already implemented in the Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) standard. This study presents an extensive simulation study of a Multi-User (MU), adaptive channel coded Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Multiple Access (DS/SSMA) communication system. This study firstly presents and utilizes a complex Base Band(BB) DS/SSMA transmitter model, aimed at user data diversity [6] in order to realize the MU input data to the system. This transmitter employs sophisticated double-sideband (DSB)Constant-Envelope Linearly Interpolated Root-of-Unity (CE-LI-RU) filtered General Chirp-Like (GCL) sequences [34, 37, 38] to band limit and spread user data. It then utilizes a fully user-definable, complex Multipath Fading Channel Simulator(MFCS), first presented by Staphorst [3], which is capable of reproducing all of the physical attributes of realistic mobile fading channels. Next, this study presents a matching DS/SSMA receiver structure that aims to optimally recover user data from the channel, ensuring the achievement of data diversity. In order to provide the basic channel coding functionality needed by the system of this study, three simple, but well-known channel coding schemes are investigated and employed. These are: binary Hamming (7,4,3) block code, (15,7,5) binary Bose-Chadhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) block code and a rate 1/3 <i.Non-Systematic (NS) binary convolutional code [6]. The first step towards the realization of any adaptive channel coded system is the ability to measure channel conditions as fast as possible, without the loss of accuracy or inclusion of known data. In 1965, Gooding presented a paper in which he described a technique that measures communication conditions at the receiving end of a system through a device called a Performance Monitoring Unit (PMU) [12, 13]. This device accelerates the system’sBit Error Rate (BER) to a so-called Pseudo Error Rate(PER) through a process known as threshold modification. It then uses a simple PER extrapolation algorithm to estimate the system’s true BER with moderate accuracy and without the need for known data. This study extends the work of Gooding by applying his technique to the DS/SSMA system that utilizes a generic Soft-Output Viterbi Algorithm(SOVA) decoder [39] structure for the trellis decoding of the binary linear block codes [3, 41-50], as well as binary convolutional codes mentioned, over realistic MU frequency selective channel conditions. This application will grant the system the ability to sense changes in communication conditions through real-time BER measurement and, ultimately, to adapt to these changes by switching to different channel codes. Because no previous literature exists on this application, this work is considered novel. Extensive simulation results also investigate the linearity of the PER vs. modified threshold relationship for uncoded, as well as all coded cases. These simulations are all done for single, as well as multiple user systems. This study also provides extensive simulation results that investigate the calculation accuracy and speed advantages that Gooding’s technique possesses over that of the classic Monte-Carlo technique for BER estimation. These simulations also consider uncoded and coded cases, as well as single and multiple users. Finally, this study investigates the experimental real-time performance of the fully functional MU, adaptive coded, DS/SSMA communication system over varying channel conditions. During this part of the study, the channel conditions are varied over time, and the system’s adaptation (channel code switching) performance is observed through a real-time observation of the system’s estimated BER. This study also extends into cases with multiple system users. Since the adaptive coded system of this study does not require known data sequences (training sequences), inclusion of Gooding’s technique for real-time BER estimation through threshold modification and PER extrapolation in future 4G adaptive systems will enable better Quality-of-Service (QoS) management without sacrificing throughput. Furthermore, this study proves that when Gooding’s technique is applied to a coded system with a soft-output, it can be an effective technique for QoS monitoring, and should be considered in 4G systems of the future.Dissertation (MEng (Computer Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007.Electrical, Electronic and Computer EngineeringMEngunrestricte

Metodologia para teste e análise de degradação de desempenho em protocolos de comunicação intra-veiculares

Considerar os efeitos de falhas e interferências que afetam as redes intra-veiculares desde o projeto dos seus sistemas de controle tornou-se fundamental, pois, a complexidade da eletrônica embarcada, o aumento do fluxo de informação e também as possibilidades de ataques maliciosos, tornaram o projeto destes sistemas uma tarefa cada vez mais complexa. Neste contexto, a presente tese visa explorar formas de integrar e modelar os efeitos de degradação causados por diferentes tipos de falhas que afetam os protocolos de comunicação, na interconexão das unidades de controle eletrônicas (ECUs). Dentre estas falhas, a pesquisa destaca o estudo aprofundado dos transientes elétricos rápidos – EFT, que degradam o desempenho e geram efeitos como perda de pacotes e atrasos de comunicação. Desta forma, contribui-se com uma metodologia para o tratamento de falhas em sistemas críticos de tempo real, desde as fases iniciais do projeto, utilizando a modelagem orientada a aspectos para modelar e especificar requisitos do sistema, de acordo com características transversais dos requisitos não funcionais relacionados a falhas. Para a definição dos requisitos não funcionais, esta pesquisa usa como base o framework RTFRIDA (Real-Time From Requirements to Design using Aspects), o qual foi estendido para agregar com mais detalhes a modelagem de falhas. Para fins de validação da metodologia foi desenvolvido um mecanismo de diagnóstico de degradação de desempenho, o qual foi integrado a um sistema de controle de suspensão ativa. O estudo foi avaliado em diferentes cenários de carga da rede e com injeções de falhas usando dois tipos de hardwares que seguem normas de teste usadas na indústria. Os resultados evidenciaram a aplicabilidade da metodologia, com a modelagem de um mecanismo de diagnóstico que detectou e registrou os distúrbios de desempenho nos cenários estudados. As análises enfatizam a degradação de desempenho acentuada registrada com as injeções EFT de maior amplitude de tensão e menor tempo de rajada, com carga de ocupação da rede acima de 30%. Os experimentos avaliaram o desempenho dos atuais protocolos de comunicação, com melhores resultados obtidos em FlexRay e CAN-FD, o que confirma a evolução dos protocolos para atender as recentes demandas de desempenho da indústria automotiva.Embedded computing applications are increasingly demanding performance and reliability because these factors are critical to the safety of real-time systems. Reliability aspects in design phases is a fundamental point of many researches because with the increase of embedded electronics, network data transmission and also possibilities of attacks on them, make the design of these systems an increasingly complex task. The present thesis aims to explore and correlate different fault types that degrade vehicular communication protocols performance used to interconnect embedded control units (ECUs). Among these faults, the electrical fast transients - EFT are highlighted, since they generate effects such as packet loss and communication delays. Thus, a methodology based on aspect-oriented modeling concepts, in real-time critical systems is proposed, to model and specify system requirements according to cross-cutting concerns of non-functional requirements related to faults. For non-functional requirements specification, this work is based on RT-FRIDA (Real-Time From Requirements to Design using Aspects) framework, which was be extended for fault modeling. Thus, the novel methodology allows fault modeling following the aspect-oriented principles from the early design phases. For the methodology validation purposes, a performance degradation diagnostic mechanism was developed, which was integrated into an active suspension control system. The study was evaluated in different network busload scenarios and with fault injections using two hardware types, certified by standards used in the automotive industry. The results present that the developed mechanism detected performance disturbances, recording occurrence data in the studied scenarios. The analyzes emphasize the best performance degradation observed with EFT injection of higher voltage amplitude, shorter burst time, and busload above 30%. The experiments evaluated the performance of current communication protocols, with better results obtained in FlexRay and CAN-FD, which confirms the protocol’s evolution to meet the recent performance demands of the automotive industry