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Knowledge dependencies in fuzzy information systems evaluation
Experience and research within the field of Information Systems Evaluation (ISE), has traditionally centered on providing tools and techniques for investment justification and appraisal, based upon explicit knowledge which encodes financial and other direct situational factors (such as accounting, costing and risk metrics). However, such approaches tend not to include additional causal interdependencies that are based upon tacit knowledge and are inherent within such a decision-making task. The authors show the results of applying a cognitive mapping approach, in the guise of a Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) simulation, i.e. Fuzzy Information Systems Evaluation (F-ISE), in order to highlight the usefulness of applying such a technique. The authors highlight those contingent and necessary knowledge dependencies, in an exploratory sense, which relate to the investment appraisal decision-making task, in terms of the interplay between tacit and explicit knowledge, in this regard
Evolution of Technological Capabilities: A study of Indian products based Telecom start-up firms
New technology based start-ups play a very important role in developing the economy of a country. However, product based B2B start-ups in India are rare and existing ones have to undergo several challenges in commercializing. Present study explores the evolution of technological capabilities that enable commercialization among such early stage start-ups by adopting a multiple case based (four independent start-ups) inductive methodology with Indian telecom start-ups as the context. We have identified architectural design, algorithmic implementation and product adaptation as components of technological capability of such start-ups. We explore the link between knowledge acquisition, telecom specific knowledge and capability evolution in present work in a regulated and knowledge intensive context. Finally, we put forth a three stage framework mapping the evolution of technological capabilities among telecom start-ups, as well as identify regulatory bodies, standard making bodies and social network as facilitators in the capability evolution process.
nD modelling: Industry uptake considerations
Purpose â The purpose of this paper is to identify the key enablers and obstacles to the effective adoption and use of nD modelling technology.
Design/methodology/approach â This paper explores the feasibility of industry absorbing and diffusing nD modelling technology by considering key technology transfer issues; namely, organisational direction, inter-organisational networks and the knowledge characteristics of technology. Findings from semi-structured interviews around a diagnostic technology transfer framework are used to offer implications for theory and practice.
Findings â The results from 15 survey interviews indicate that construction professionals appreciate the potential significant benefits of nD modelling technology, but at present, nD modelling technology is seen as too embryonic; too far removed from construction firms' âcomfort zonesâ; requiring too much investment; and, containing too many risks.
Originality/value â The paper stresses that the challenge for nD modelling technology, along with any new technology, is to shift from its âtechnology pushâ emphasis, to a more balanced âmarket orientatedâ stance, which allows the technology to be shaped by both strategic design concerns, and day-to-day operational needs. If this trajectory is pursued, nD modelling technology could have a positive future
Exploring the issues in knowledge management
This paper introduces a general, formal treatment of dynamic constraints, i.e., constraints on the state changes that are allowed in a given state space. Such dynamic constraints can be seen as representations of "real world" constraints in a managerial context. The notions of transition, reversible and irreversible transition, and transition relation will be introduced. The link with Kripke models (for modal logics) is also made explicit. Several (subtle) examples of dynamic constraints will be given. Some important classes of dynamic constraints in a database context will be identified, e.g. various forms of cumulativity, non-decreasing values, constraints on initial and final values, life cycles, changing life cycles, and transition and constant dependencies. Several properties of these dependencies will be treated. For instance, it turns out that functional dependencies can be considered as "degenerated" transition dependencies. Also, the distinction between primary keys and alternate keys is reexamined, from a dynamic point of view.
Knowledge discovery for moderating collaborative projects
In today's global market environment, enterprises are increasingly turning towards
collaboration in projects to leverage their resources, skills and expertise, and
simultaneously address the challenges posed in diverse and competitive markets.
Moderators, which are knowledge based systems have successfully been used to support
collaborative teams by raising awareness of problems or conflicts. However, the
functioning of a moderator is limited to the knowledge it has about the team members.
Knowledge acquisition, learning and updating of knowledge are the major challenges for
a Moderator's implementation. To address these challenges a Knowledge discOvery And
daTa minINg inteGrated (KOATING) framework is presented for Moderators to enable them to continuously learn from the operational databases of the company and semi-automatically update the corresponding expert module. The architecture for the Universal Knowledge Moderator (UKM) shows how the existing moderators can be extended to support global manufacturing.
A method for designing and developing the knowledge acquisition module of the Moderator for manual and semi-automatic update of knowledge is documented using the Unified Modelling Language (UML). UML has been used to explore the static structure and dynamic behaviour, and describe the system analysis, system design and system
development aspects of the proposed KOATING framework. The proof of design has been presented using a case study for a collaborative project in
the form of construction project supply chain. It has been shown that Moderators can
"learn" by extracting various kinds of knowledge from Post Project Reports (PPRs) using
different types of text mining techniques. Furthermore, it also proposed that the
knowledge discovery integrated moderators can be used to support and enhance
collaboration by identifying appropriate business opportunities and identifying
corresponding partners for creation of a virtual organization. A case study is presented in
the context of a UK based SME. Finally, this thesis concludes by summarizing the thesis,
outlining its novelties and contributions, and recommending future research
An Exploration into Technological Capabilities among early stage Indian product based Telecom start-ups
New technology based start-ups play a very important role in developing the economy of a country. In India, telecom sector has seen unprecedented growth over the last decade and this has led to emergence of several telecom related start-ups. However, product based B2B start-ups are rare and existing ones have to undergo several challenges in commercializing. Surprisingly not much research work has been undertaken in identifying capabilities among early stage start-ups although the early phase represents a very crucial phase for product based firms and has been known to determine the success or failure for start-ups. Present study explores the technological capabilities that enable commercialization among such early stage start-ups by adopting a multiple case (four independent cases) based inductive methodology with Indian telecom start-ups as the context. We have identified architectural design, algorithmic implementation and product adaptation as components of technological capability of such start-ups. We further drill in to each of the sub-components of the technological capabilities to unearth their antecedents and peculiarities in telecom product company context. As a result we also present a classification scheme for studying the product architecture in the telecom context. We analyze and point out differences in technological capability among telecom start-ups vis-ïżœ-vis established firms in the sector .
Sistemas de informação na indĂșstria 4.0 : mecanismos de apoio Ă transferĂȘncia de dados para conhecimento em ambientes Lean
The paradigm that presently emerges in the organizational context, known as Industry 4.0 (I4.0) or Fourth Industrial Revolution, promises to bring principles of connectivity and flexibility to the companies that embrace it. Industry 4.0 enhances the efficiency in adapting in real time to the customersâ requirements, through the establishment of an intelligent shop floor capable of answering in a flexible and customized way to market changes.
However, during the last three decades, it is known that the adoption of the Lean philosophy was absorbed by the industrial environment, with results that proved to be exuberant, considering the simplicity of the tools.
In this way, the I4.0 implementation must be prepared to preserve the existing manufacturing systems, proceeding, whenever possible, to upgrade them on a Lean excellence basis.
It is said that information systems will be decisive in the foundation of the I4.0 paradigm. Of these, MES systems, with greater connection to the shop floor, will tend to be aligned with existing practices, contributing, through their connectivity, to the introduction of knowledge management practices and data visualization mechanisms. In the specification and architecture phase of these systems, understanding the processes will be crucial. Thus, their documentation is an organizational pillar, with BPMN and UML being able to guide it. However, and in addition to its usefulness in the processesâ mapping, BPMN is also likely to be applied in capturing tacit knowledge, which can be a foundation for the constitution of knowledge repositories, impacting organizational excellence.
It is in this context that the present work is implanted, aiming at the creation of guidelines and mechanisms that facilitate the implementation of I4.0 strategies in Lean industrial environments. The adopted methodology first went through an exhaustive literature review, in order to find possible bilateral effects between I4.0 technologies and lean tools. Then, the development of some applications aligned with the I4.0 paradigm, as a technological engine, and the Lean philosophy, as a tool for eliminating waste and / or creating value, was contemplated. From the various development experiences in an industrial context and considering the evidence reported in the literature, this study proposes a Lean 4.0 framework oriented to the shop floor.O paradigma que atualmente emerge no contexto organizacional, conhecido como IndĂșstria 4.0 (I4.0) ou Quarta Revolução Industrial, promete trazer princĂpios de conectividade e flexibilidade Ă s empresas que a adotam. A IndĂșstria 4.0 potencia a eficĂĄcia no ajuste em tempo real aos requisitos dos clientes, atravĂ©s da constituição de um chĂŁo de fĂĄbrica inteligente e capaz de responder de forma flexĂvel e customizada Ă s mudanças do mercado.
Contudo, durante as Ășltimas trĂȘs dĂ©cadas, sabe-se que a adoção da filosofia Lean foi absorvida pelo meio industrial, com resultados que se demonstraram exuberantes, tendo em conta a simplicidade das ferramentas.
Deste modo, a implementação I4.0 deve ser feita no sentido da preservação dos sistemas de manufatura jĂĄ existentes, procedendo, desde que possĂvel, ao seu upgrade numa base de excelĂȘncia Lean.
Conta-se que os sistemas de informação serĂŁo decisivos na fundação do paradigma I4.0. Destes, os sistemas MES, com maior conexĂŁo ao chĂŁo de fĂĄbrica, tenderĂŁo a ser alinhados com as prĂĄticas jĂĄ existentes, contribuindo, atravĂ©s da sua conectividade, para a introdução de prĂĄticas de gestĂŁo do conhecimento e mecanismos de visualização de dados. Na fase de especificação e arquitetura destes sistemas, o entendimento dos processos serĂĄ crucial. Assim, a documentação dos mesmos Ă© um pilar organizacional, estando o BPMN e a UML capazes de a orientar. PorĂ©m, e a somar Ă sua utilidade na ilustração de processos, o BPMN estĂĄ igualmente passĂvel de ser aplicado na captação de conhecimento tĂĄcito, o que por si pode ser uma base para a constituição de repositĂłrios de conhecimento, contribuindo para a excelĂȘncia organizacional.
Ă neste contexto que o presente trabalho se insere, tendo como objetivo a criação de linhas orientadoras e mecanismos que facilitem a implementação de estratĂ©gias I4.0 em ambientes industriais Lean. A metodologia adotada passou, primeiramente, por uma exaustiva revisĂŁo da literatura, por forma a encontrar possĂveis efeitos bilaterais entre tecnologias I4.0 e ferramentas lean. De seguida, contemplou-se o desenvolvimento de alguns aplicativos alinhados ao paradigma I4.0, enquanto motor tecnolĂłgico, e Ă filosofia Lean, enquanto ferramenta de eliminação de desperdĂcios e/ou criação de valor. Das diversas experiĂȘncias de desenvolvimento em contexto industrial e considerando as evidĂȘncias reportadas na literatura o presente estudo propĂ”e uma framework Lean 4.0 orientado ao chĂŁo de fĂĄbrica.Mestrado em Engenharia e GestĂŁo Industria
Knowledge diffusion at a major central European automotive supplier
Diffusion of knowledge is a topic approached by modern economy to reach and sustain
competitive advantage. As the environment is more uncertain, it is essential organisations learn
to deal with new environmental changes as a consequence of Industry 4.0.
The purpose of this project is to assess the adequacy of valuable knowledge diffusion
in organisations during the implementation of Industry 4.0 principles and technologies. This
diffusion is implemented in automotive businesses reaching an improvement of communication
and production processes and consequently the productivity.
This project establishes a case study, was adopted by an automotive industry Group
focusing in promotion of knowledge diffusion and Industry 4.0 implementation among various
stakeholders of the same company. The processes were analysed using observation,
unstructured interviews and focus groups. The proposed challenge was to study how to apply
Industry 4.0 to improve relevant knowledge sharing processes within the company.
Regarding the needs and challenges identified, the best approach was to develop a
communication channel which aligns the knowledge between all stakeholders. To link the two
departments, recognize the value of an invention and achieve an innovation, some
improvements were suggested and a new mean of communication was developed.
The created product have not already been implemented due to time required,
stakeholders busy schedule and R&D work dependability. With the proposed solution, the
company will overcome the identified communication challenge and reduce the loss of
important knowledge to maintain their progress.A difusĂŁo do conhecimento Ă© um dos tĂłpicos mais abordados pela economia moderna
para alcançar e sustentar a vantagem competitiva. Como o ambiente empresarial é mais inståvel
é fundamental que as organizaçÔes aprendam a lidar com as novas mudanças ambientais
introduzidas pela IndĂșstria 4.0.
O objetivo deste projeto é avaliar no sponsor a adequação da difusão do seu
conhecimento mais valioso na implementação dos princĂpios e tecnologias da IndĂșstria 4.0.
Esta difusão é implementada para melhorar os processos de comunicação e produção de forma
a melhorar a sua produtividade no setor automĂłvel.
Este projeto constitui um caso de estudo que foi abordado por um grupo da indĂșstria
automĂłvel para promover a difusĂŁo do conhecimento, melhorar processos de partilha de
conhecimentos relevantes e a implementação da IndĂșstria 4.0 entre os diversos stakeholders da
empresa. Os processos foram analisados e os dados recolhidos por observação, entrevistas nãoestruturadas
e focus groups.
Em relação aos desafios identificados, a abordagem escolhida foi desenvolver um canal
de comunicação para alinhar o conhecimento entre todas as partes interessadas. Para ligar os
dois departamentos, reconhecer o valor de uma invenção e para alcançar uma inovação foram
sugeridas algumas melhorias e desenvolvido um novo meio de comunicação.
A implementação do produto ainda não foi realizada devido à sua duração, à agenda
ocupada dos stakeholders e Ă dependĂȘncia do trabalho resultante da P&D. Com a solução
proposta, a empresa conseguirå ultrapassar o desafio de comunicação identificado e reduzirå as
perdas de conhecimentos importantes para manter a sua evolução
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