301 research outputs found
Efficient Learning and Inference for High-dimensional Lagrangian Systems
Learning the nature of a physical system is a problem that presents many challenges and opportunities owing to the unique structure associated with such systems. Many physical systems of practical interest in engineering are high-dimensional, which prohibits the application of standard learning methods to such problems. This first part of this work proposes therefore to solve learning problems associated with physical systems by identifying their low-dimensional Lagrangian structure. Algorithms are given to learn this structure in the case that it is obscured by a change of coordinates. The associated inference problem corresponds to solving a high-dimensional minimum-cost path problem, which can be solved by exploiting the symmetry of the problem. These techniques are demonstrated via an application to learning from high-dimensional human motion capture data. The second part of this work is concerned with the application of these methods to high-dimensional motion planning. Algorithms are given to learn and exploit the struc- ture of holonomic motion planning problems effectively via spectral analysis and iterative dynamic programming, admitting solutions to problems of unprecedented dimension com- pared to known methods for optimal motion planning. The quality of solutions found is also demonstrated to be much superior in practice to those obtained via sampling-based planning and smoothing, in both simulated problems and experiments with a robot arm. This work therefore provides strong validation of the idea that learning low-dimensional structure is the key to future advances in this field
Sparse Identification of Lagrangian for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems via Proximal Gradient Method
Distilling physical laws autonomously from data has been of great interest in
many scientific areas. The sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy)
and its variations have been developed to extract the underlying governing
equations from observation data. However, SINDy faces certain difficulties when
the dynamics contain rational functions. The principle of the least action
governs many mechanical systems, mathematically expressed in the Lagrangian
formula. Compared to the actual equation of motions, the Lagrangian is much
more concise, especially for complex systems, and does not usually contain
rational functions for mechanical systems. Only a few methods have been
proposed to extract the Lagrangian from measurement data so far. One of such
methods, Lagrangian-SINDy, can extract the true form of Lagrangian of dynamical
systems from data but suffers when noises are present. In this work, we develop
an extended version of Lagrangian-SINDy (xL-SINDy) to obtain the Lagrangian of
dynamical systems from noisy measurement data. We incorporate the concept of
SINDy and utilize the proximal gradient method to obtain sparse expressions of
the Lagrangian. We demonstrated the effectiveness of xL-SINDy against different
noise levels with four nonlinear dynamics: a single pendulum, a cart-pendulum,
a double pendulum, and a spherical pendulum. Furthermore, we also verified the
performance of xL-SINDy against SINDy-PI (parallel, implicit), a recent robust
variant of SINDy that can handle implicit dynamics and rational nonlinearities.
Our experiment results show that xL-SINDy is 8-20 times more robust than
SINDy-PI in the presence of noise
Top-quark mass effects in double and triple Higgs production in gluon-gluon fusion at NLO
The observation of double and triple scalar boson production at hadron
colliders could provide key information on the Higgs self couplings and the
potential. As for single Higgs production the largest rates for multiple Higgs
production come from gluon-gluon fusion processes mediated by a top-quark loop.
However, at variance with single Higgs production, top-quark mass and width
effects from the loops cannot be neglected. Computations including the exact
top-quark mass dependence are only available at the leading order, and
currently predictions at higher orders are obtained by means of approximations
based on the Higgs-gluon effective field theory (HEFT). In this work we present
a reweighting technique that, starting from events obtained via the MC@NLO
method in the HEFT, allows to exactly include the top-quark mass and width
effects coming from one- and two-loop amplitudes. We describe our approach and
apply it to double Higgs production at NLO in QCD, computing the needed
one-loop amplitudes and using approximations for the unknown two-loop ones. The
results are compared to other approaches used in the literature, arguing that
they provide more accurate predictions for distributions and for total rates as
well. As a novel application of our procedure we present predictions at NLO in
QCD for triple Higgs production at hadron colliders.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure
Mapping 6D N = 1 supergravities to F-theory
We develop a systematic framework for realizing general anomaly-free chiral
6D supergravity theories in F-theory. We focus on 6D (1, 0) models with one
tensor multiplet whose gauge group is a product of simple factors (modulo a
finite abelian group) with matter in arbitrary representations. Such theories
can be decomposed into blocks associated with the simple factors in the gauge
group; each block depends only on the group factor and the matter charged under
it. All 6D chiral supergravity models can be constructed by gluing such blocks
together in accordance with constraints from anomalies. Associating a geometric
structure to each block gives a dictionary for translating a supergravity model
into a set of topological data for an F-theory construction. We construct the
dictionary of F-theory divisors explicitly for some simple gauge group factors
and associated matter representations. Using these building blocks we analyze a
variety of models. We identify some 6D supergravity models which do not map to
integral F-theory divisors, possibly indicating quantum inconsistency of these
6D theories.Comment: 37 pages, no figures; v2: references added, minor typos corrected;
v3: minor corrections to DOF counting in section
Constrained BRST- BFV Lagrangian formulations for Higher Spin Fields in Minkowski Spaces
BRST-BFV method for constrained Lagrangian formulations (LFs) for
(ir)reducible half-integer HS Poincare group representations in Minkowski space
is suggested. The procedure is derived by 2 ways: from the unconstrained
BRST-BFV method for mixed-symmetry HS fermionic fields subject to an arbitrary
Young tableaux with k rows (suggested in arXiv:1211.1273[hep-th]) by extracting
the second-class constraints, , from a total superalgebra of constraints, second, in
self-consistent way by means of finding BRST-extended initial off-shell
algebraic constraints, . In both cases, the latter constraints
supercommute on the constraint surface with constrained BRST and spin
operators . The closedness of the superalgebra guarantees that the final gauge-invariant LF is compatible with
off-shell constraints imposed on field and gauge parameter
vectors of Hilbert space not depending from the ghosts and conversion auxiliary
oscillators related to , in comparison with vectors for
unconstrained BRST-BFV LF. The suggested constrained BRST-BFV approach is valid
for both massive HS fields and integer HS fields in the second-order
formulation. It is shown that the respective constrained and unconstrained LFs
for (half)-integer HS fields with a given spin are equivalent. The constrained
Lagrangians in ghost-independent and component (for initial spin-tensor field)
are obtained and shown to coincide with Fang-Fronsdal formulation for
constrained totally-symmetric HS field. The triplet and unconstrained quartet
LFs for the latter field and gauge-invariant constrained Lagrangians for a
massive field of spin n+1/2 are derived. A concept of BRST-invariant
second-class constraints for a general dynamical system with mixed-class
constraints is suggested.Comment: 55 pages, typos corrected, published version; footnote 1 added, typo
in (3.15) correcte
Supersymmetry - When Theory Inspires Experimental Searches
We review, in the first part of this work, many pioneering works on
supersymmetry and organize these results to show how supersymmetric quantum
field theories arise from spin-statistics, N{\oe}ther and a series of no-go
theorems. We then introduce the so-called superspace formalism dedicated to the
natural construction of supersymmetric Lagrangians and detail the most popular
mechanisms leading to soft supersymmetry breaking. As an application, we
describe the building of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and
investigate current experimental limits on the parameter space of its most
constrained versions. To this aim, we use various flavor, electroweak
precision, cosmology and collider data. We then perform several
phenomenological excursions beyond this minimal setup and probe effects due to
non-minimal flavor violation in the squark sector, revisiting various
constraints arising from indirect searches for superpartners. Next, we use
several interfaced high-energy physics tools, including the FeynRules package
and its UFO interface that we describe in detail, to study the phenomenology of
two non- minimal supersymmetric models at the Large Hadron Collider. We
estimate the sensitivity of this machine to monotop production in R-parity
violating supersymmetry and sgluon-induced multitop production in R-symmetric
supersymmetry. We then generalize the results to new physics scenarios designed
from a bottom-up strategy and finally depict, from a theorist point of view, a
search for monotops at the Tevatron motivated by these findings.Comment: Habilitation thesis; 266 pages; 49 figures; 19 tables; a few
references adde
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