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    āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāđāļšāļšāļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāļšāļ™āđ€āļ§āđ‡āļš

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    āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļē āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļđāļ•āļĢāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāđ„āļ§āđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāđāļšāļšāļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāļšāļ™āđ€āļ§āđ‡āļš āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ•āđ‰āļ™āđāļšāļšāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļšāļ—āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļąāļĨāļāļ­āļĢāļīāļ—āļķāļĄ āļŠāļēāļ‚āļēāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļīāļāļāļēāļ•āļĢāļĩ āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļĢāļēāļŠāļ āļąāļāļ™āļ„āļĢāļ›āļāļĄ āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ 8 āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļšāļ—āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡ āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļāļĢāļ­āļšāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļąāļĄāļ āļēāļĐāļ“āđŒāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļļāļ‡āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰ āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰ āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ āļīāļ›āļĢāļēāļĒāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ āļˆāļąāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āļ āļīāļ›āļĢāļēāļĒāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļĢāļļāļ›āļœāļĨāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ SAPBLS āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ 4 āđ‚āļĄāļ”āļđāļĨ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ 1) āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāđāļšāļšāļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāļ„āļ­āļĒāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™ 2) āđ‚āļĄāļ”āļđāļĨāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļšāļąāļ™āļ—āļķāļāļāļīāļˆāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļēāļĒāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āļĩāļĒāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™ 3) āđ‚āļĄāļ”āļđāļĨāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ­āļ™ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĄāļ”āļđāļĨāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ­āļ™āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰ āđāļĨāļ° 4) āđ‚āļĄāļ”āļđāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰ āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ­āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™ 12 āļ„āļ™ āļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāļāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđāļ•āļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ: āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™  āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ  āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ  āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžThe PBL method can be successfully applied in computer programming and algorithm course. The PBL method applied well for learning in some aspects of problem solving, program design, and programming skill. These skills are important for computer science students. The simulation tool is the best tool to help the learner understand steps and algorithm that has designed.The objective of this research was to synthesize a Learning Model with Simulation Tool for Structured Algorithmusing Problem-based Learning with Scaffoldings System on the Web to use as a prototype model for developing computer instruction on computer programming and algorithm course, Computer Science Program, Bachelor Degree, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University. The research procedures were consisted of 8 steps as follows: reviewed literature, defined a conceptual framework, drafted a learning model, interviewed the experts and revised the model,created assessment tool,assigned experts for focus group, evaluated a learning model by using focus group, andcorrected and concluded.The research result was SAPBLS Model that consisted of 4 modules as follows:1) Simulation Tool is a tool for algorithmlearning using problem based learning with scaffolding systems to support the learner 2) Student Module used to record activities, learning outcomes, and profiles of the learner 3) Instruction Module is a module for teacher to manage course’s content and 4) Assessment Module used to evaluate learning outcomes. The evaluation results of the synthesized model from 12 experts who were instructors in computer and education fields revealed that all experts accepted the synthesize model. It can be concluded that the synthesized model can be used properly for students who have different learning speeds.Keywords: Simulation, Algorithm, Problem-based Learning, Scaffoldings Syste

    The Effectiveness of Aural Instructions with Visualisations in E-Learning Environments

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    Based on Mayer’s (2001) model for more effective learning by exploiting the brain’s dual sensory channels for information processing, this research investigates the effectiveness of using aural instructions together with visualisation in teaching the difficult concepts of data structures to novice computer science students. A small number of previous studies have examined the use of audio and visualisation in teaching and learning environments but none has explored the integration of both technologies in teaching data structures programming to reduce the cognitive load on learners’ working memory. A prototype learning tool, known as the Data Structure Learning (DSL) tool, was developed and used first in a short mini study that showed that, used together with visualisations of algorithms, aural instructions produced faster student response times than did textual instructions. This result suggested that the additional use of the auditory sensory channel did indeed reduce the cognitive load. The tool was then used in a second, longitudinal, study over two academic terms in which students studying the Data Structures module were offered the opportunity to use the DSL approach with either aural or textual instructions. Their use of the approach was recorded by the DSL system and feedback was invited at the end of every visualisation task. The collected data showed that the tool was used extensively by the students. A comparison of the students’ DSL use with their end-of-year assessment marks revealed that academically weaker students had tended to use the tool most. This suggests that less able students are keen to use any useful and available instrument to aid their understanding, especially of difficult concepts. Both the quantitative data provided by the automatic recording of DSL use and an end-of-study questionnaire showed appreciation by students of the help the tool had provided and enthusiasm for its future use and development. These findings were supported by qualitative data provided by student written feedback at the end of each task, by interviews at the end of the experiment and by interest from the lecturer in integrating use of the tool with the teaching of the module. A variety of suggestions are made for further work and development of the DSL tool. Further research using a control group and/or pre and post tests would be particularly useful
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