On Monolithic and Microservice deployment of Network Functions

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has recently attracted telecom operators to migrate network functionalities from expensive bespoke hardware systems to virtualized IT infrastructures where they are deployed as software components. Scalability, up-gradation, fault tolerance and simplified testing are important challenges in the field of NFV. In order to overcome these challenges, there is significant interest from research communities to scale or decompose network functions using the monolithic and microservice approach. In this paper, we compare the performance of both approaches using an analytic model and implementing test-bed experiments. In addition, we calculate the number of instances of monoliths or microservices in which a network function could be scaled or decomposed in order to get the maximum or required performance. Single and multiple CPU core scenarios are considered. Experimentation is performed by using an open source network function, SNORT and running monoliths and microservices of SNORT as Docker containers on bare metal machines. The experimental results compare the performance of monolith and microservice approaches and are used to estimate the validity of the analytic model. The results also show the effectiveness of our approach in finding the number of instances (monoliths or microservices) required to maximize performance

Towards the Softwarization of Content Delivery Networks for Component and Service Provisioning

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are common systems nowadays to deliver content (e.g. Web pages, videos) to geographically distributed end-users over the Internet. Leveraging geographically distributed replica servers, CDNs can easily help to meet the required Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of content quality and delivery time. Recently, the dominating surge in demand for rich and premium content has encouraged CDN providers to provision value-added services (VAS) in addition to the basic services. While video streaming is an example of basic CDN services, VASs cover more advanced services such as media management. Network softwarization relies on programmability properties to facilitate the deployment and management of network functionalities. It brings about several benefits such as scalability, adaptability, and flexibility in the provisioning of network components and services. Technologies, such as Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) are its key enablers. There are several challenges related to the component and service provisioning in CDNs. On the architectural front, a first challenge is the extension of the CDN coverage by on-the-fly deployment of components in new locations and another challenge is the upgrade of CDN components in a timely manner, because traditionally, they are deployed statically as physical building blocks. Yet, another architectural challenge is the dynamic composition of required middle-boxes for CDN VAS provisioning, because existing SDN frameworks lack features to support the dynamic chaining of the application-level middle-boxes that are essential building blocks of CDN VASs. On the algorithmic front, a challenge is the optimal placement of CDN VAS middle-boxes in a dynamic manner as CDN VASs have an unknown end-point prior to placement. This thesis relies on network softwarization to address key architectural and algorithmic challenges related to component and service provisioning in CDNs. To tackle the first challenge, we propose an architecture based on NFV and microservices for an on-the-fly CDN component provisioning including deployment and upgrading. In order to address the second challenge, we propose an architecture for on-the-fly provisioning of VASs in CDNs using NFV and SDN technologies. The proposed architecture reduces the content delivery time by introducing features for in-network caching. For the algorithmic challenge, we study and model the problem of dynamic placement and chaining of middle-boxes (implemented as Virtual Network Function (VNF)) for CDN VASs as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem with the objective of minimizing the cost while respecting the QoS. To increase the problem tractability, we propose and validate some heuristics