5,224 research outputs found

    Acoustics in 2D Spaces of Constant Curvature

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    [EN] In this work, we will consider a locally homogeneous and isotropic (2+1)D spacetime of Robertson-Walker type and therefore with underlying de Sitter space.M. M. T. wishes to thank the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for financial support under grant TIN2014-59294-PTung, MM.; Gambi, JM.; María Luisa García del Pino (2016). Acoustics in 2D Spaces of Constant Curvature. Springer. 483-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63082-3_75S483489Beals, R., Szmigielski, J.: Meijer G-functions: a gentle introduction. Not. Am. Math. Soc. 60(7), 866–872 (2013)Chen, H.Y., Chan, C.T.: Acoustic cloaking and transformation acoustics. J. Phys. D 43(11), 113001 (2010)Choquet-Bruhat, Y., Damour, T.: Introduction to General Relativity, Black Holes, and Cosmology. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2015)Cummer, S.A.: Transformation acoustics. In: Craster, V.R., Guenneau, S. (eds.) Acoustic Metamaterials: Negative Refraction, Imaging, Lensing and Cloaking, pp. 197–218. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2013)Cummer, S.A., Schurig, D.: One path to acoustic cloaking. New J. Phys. 9(3), 45–52 (2007)Islam, J.N.: An Introduction to Mathematical Cosmology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)Kalnins, E.G.: Separation of Variables for Riemannian Spaces of Constant Curvature. Pitman Monographs and Surveys in Pure and Applied Mathematics. Longman Scientific & Technical, New York (1986)Kuchowicz, B.: Conformally flat space-time of spherical symmetry in isotropic coordinates. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 7(4), 259–262 (1973)Lanczos, C.: The Variational Principles of Mechanics. Dover Publications, New York (1970)Mechel, F.P.: Formulas of Acoustics. Springer, Berlin (2002)Norris, A.N.: Acoustic metafluids. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125(2), 839–849 (2009)Redkov, V.M., Ovsiyuk, E.M.: Quantum mechanics in spaces of constant curvature. In: Contemporary Fundamental Physics. Nova Science, New York (2012)Rosenberg, S.: The Laplacian on a Riemannian Manifold: An Introduction to Analysis on Manifolds. London Mathematical Society Student Text, vol. 31. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)Tung, M.M.: A fundamental Lagrangian approach to transformation acoustics and spherical spacetime cloaking. Europhys. Lett. 98, 34002–34006 (2012)Tung, M.M., Peinado, J.: A covariant spacetime approach to transformation acoustics. In: Fontes, M., Günther, M., Marheineke, N. (eds.) Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2012. Mathematics in Industry, vol. 19. Springer, Berlin (2014)Tung, M.M., Weinmüller, E.B.: Gravitational frequency shifts in transformation acoustics. Europhys. Lett. 101, 54006–54011 (2013)Tung, M.M., Gambi, J.M., García del Pino, M.L.: Maxwell’s fish-eye in (2+1)D spacetime acoustics. In: Russo, G.R., Capasso, V., Nicosia, G., Romano, V. (eds.) Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2014. Mathematics in Industry, vol. 22. Springer, Berlin (2016)Visser, M., Barceló, C., Liberati, S.: Analogue models of and for gravity. Gen. Rel. Grav. 34, 1719–1734 (2002)Wolf, J.A.: Spaces of Constant Curvature. American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island (2011

    From Newton's Laws to the Wheeler-DeWitt Equation

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    This is a pedagogical paper which explains some ideas in cosmology at a level accessible to undergraduate students. It does not use general relativity, but uses the ideas of Newtonian cosmology worked out by Milne and McCrea. The cosmological constant is also introduced within a Newtonian framework. Following standard quantization procedures the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in the minisuperspace approximation is derived for empty and non-empty universes.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

    Number of Information and its Relation to the Cosmological Constant Resulting from Landauer’s Principle

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    Using a recent published formula for the number of information N that results from Landauer’s principle we obtain an expression for the cosmological constant Λ . Next, assuming the universe as a system of mass M satisfying Landauer’s principle and eliminating its mass M from the given expression for the number of information, we obtain a new expression that agrees with the one derived by Lloyd. Furthermore, we modify the generalized entropy relation and three equivalent entropy expressions are obtained. Finally, in two different universes the time rate of change of the entropy is calculated. In a flat universe the time rate of the entropy is time independent and depends on fundamental constants of physics

    Bianchi Type I Magnetofluid Cosmological Models with Variable Cosmological Constant Revisited

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    The behaviour of magnetic field in anisotropic Bianchi type I cosmological model for bulk viscous distribution is investigated. The distribution consists of an electrically neutral viscous fluid with an infinite electrical conductivity. It is assumed that the component σ11\sigma^{1}_{1} of shear tensor σij\sigma^{j}_{i} is proportional to expansion (θ\theta) and the coefficient of bulk viscosity is assumed to be a power function of mass density. Some physical and geometrical aspects of the models are also discussed in presence and also in absence of the magnetic field.Comment: 13 page

    Lensing in the McVittie metric

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    We investigate the effect of the cosmological expansion on the bending of light due to an isolated point-like mass. We adopt McVittie metric as the model for the geometry of the lens. Assuming a constant Hubble factor we find an analytic expression involving the bending angle, which turns out to be unaffected by the cosmological expansion at the leading order.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Mistakes corrected. Conclusions completely change

    Hierarchy and Wave Functions in a Simple Quantum Cosmology

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    Astrophysical observations indicate the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Applying the holographic entropy conjecture to the cosmological horizon in an accelerating universe suggests the universe has only a finite number of degrees of freedom. This is consistent with a closed universe arising from a quantum fluctuation, with zero total quantum numbers. If space-time has eleven dimensions, and the universe began as a closed force-symmetric ten-dimensional space with characteristic dimension L, seven of the space dimensions must have collapsed to generate the three large space dimensions we see. The holographic conjecture then suggests the initial length scale L must be roughly twenty orders of magnitude larger than the Planck length. Accordingly, the nuclear force must be roughly forty orders of magnitude stronger than gravity, possibly resolving the force hierarchy problem. A wavefunction for the radius of curvature of the universe can be obtained from the Schrodinger equation derived by Elbaz and Novello. The product of this wavefunction and its complex conjugate can be interpreted as the probability density for finding a given radius of curvature in one of the infinity of measurements of the radius of curvature possible (in principle) at any location in a homogeneous isotropic universe.Comment: 4 pages, no figures, abstract corrected to insert omitted word
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