5,224 research outputs found
Acoustics in 2D Spaces of Constant Curvature
[EN] In this work, we will consider a locally homogeneous and isotropic (2+1)D spacetime of Robertson-Walker type and therefore with underlying de Sitter space.M. M. T. wishes to thank the Spanish Ministerio de EconomÃa y Competitividad and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for financial support under grant TIN2014-59294-PTung, MM.; Gambi, JM.; MarÃa Luisa GarcÃa del Pino (2016). Acoustics in 2D Spaces of Constant Curvature. Springer. 483-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63082-3_75S483489Beals, R., Szmigielski, J.: Meijer G-functions: a gentle introduction. Not. Am. Math. Soc. 60(7), 866–872 (2013)Chen, H.Y., Chan, C.T.: Acoustic cloaking and transformation acoustics. J. Phys. D 43(11), 113001 (2010)Choquet-Bruhat, Y., Damour, T.: Introduction to General Relativity, Black Holes, and Cosmology. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2015)Cummer, S.A.: Transformation acoustics. In: Craster, V.R., Guenneau, S. (eds.) Acoustic Metamaterials: Negative Refraction, Imaging, Lensing and Cloaking, pp. 197–218. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2013)Cummer, S.A., Schurig, D.: One path to acoustic cloaking. New J. Phys. 9(3), 45–52 (2007)Islam, J.N.: An Introduction to Mathematical Cosmology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)Kalnins, E.G.: Separation of Variables for Riemannian Spaces of Constant Curvature. Pitman Monographs and Surveys in Pure and Applied Mathematics. Longman Scientific & Technical, New York (1986)Kuchowicz, B.: Conformally flat space-time of spherical symmetry in isotropic coordinates. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 7(4), 259–262 (1973)Lanczos, C.: The Variational Principles of Mechanics. Dover Publications, New York (1970)Mechel, F.P.: Formulas of Acoustics. Springer, Berlin (2002)Norris, A.N.: Acoustic metafluids. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125(2), 839–849 (2009)Redkov, V.M., Ovsiyuk, E.M.: Quantum mechanics in spaces of constant curvature. In: Contemporary Fundamental Physics. Nova Science, New York (2012)Rosenberg, S.: The Laplacian on a Riemannian Manifold: An Introduction to Analysis on Manifolds. London Mathematical Society Student Text, vol. 31. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)Tung, M.M.: A fundamental Lagrangian approach to transformation acoustics and spherical spacetime cloaking. Europhys. Lett. 98, 34002–34006 (2012)Tung, M.M., Peinado, J.: A covariant spacetime approach to transformation acoustics. In: Fontes, M., Günther, M., Marheineke, N. (eds.) Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2012. Mathematics in Industry, vol. 19. Springer, Berlin (2014)Tung, M.M., Weinmüller, E.B.: Gravitational frequency shifts in transformation acoustics. Europhys. Lett. 101, 54006–54011 (2013)Tung, M.M., Gambi, J.M., GarcÃa del Pino, M.L.: Maxwell’s fish-eye in (2+1)D spacetime acoustics. In: Russo, G.R., Capasso, V., Nicosia, G., Romano, V. (eds.) Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2014. Mathematics in Industry, vol. 22. Springer, Berlin (2016)Visser, M., Barceló, C., Liberati, S.: Analogue models of and for gravity. Gen. Rel. Grav. 34, 1719–1734 (2002)Wolf, J.A.: Spaces of Constant Curvature. American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island (2011
From Newton's Laws to the Wheeler-DeWitt Equation
This is a pedagogical paper which explains some ideas in cosmology at a level
accessible to undergraduate students. It does not use general relativity, but
uses the ideas of Newtonian cosmology worked out by Milne and McCrea. The
cosmological constant is also introduced within a Newtonian framework.
Following standard quantization procedures the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in the
minisuperspace approximation is derived for empty and non-empty universes.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur
Number of Information and its Relation to the Cosmological Constant Resulting from Landauer’s Principle
Using a recent published formula for the number of information N that results from Landauer’s principle we obtain an expression for the cosmological constant Λ . Next, assuming the universe as a system of mass M satisfying Landauer’s principle and eliminating its mass M from the given expression for the number of information, we obtain a new expression that agrees with the one derived by Lloyd. Furthermore, we modify the generalized entropy relation and three equivalent entropy expressions are obtained. Finally, in two different universes the time rate of change of the entropy is calculated. In a flat universe the time rate of the entropy is time independent and depends on fundamental constants of physics
Bianchi Type I Magnetofluid Cosmological Models with Variable Cosmological Constant Revisited
The behaviour of magnetic field in anisotropic Bianchi type I cosmological
model for bulk viscous distribution is investigated. The distribution consists
of an electrically neutral viscous fluid with an infinite electrical
conductivity. It is assumed that the component of shear tensor
is proportional to expansion () and the coefficient of
bulk viscosity is assumed to be a power function of mass density. Some physical
and geometrical aspects of the models are also discussed in presence and also
in absence of the magnetic field.Comment: 13 page
Lensing in the McVittie metric
We investigate the effect of the cosmological expansion on the bending of
light due to an isolated point-like mass. We adopt McVittie metric as the model
for the geometry of the lens. Assuming a constant Hubble factor we find an
analytic expression involving the bending angle, which turns out to be
unaffected by the cosmological expansion at the leading order.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Mistakes corrected. Conclusions completely
change
Hierarchy and Wave Functions in a Simple Quantum Cosmology
Astrophysical observations indicate the expansion of the universe is
accelerating. Applying the holographic entropy conjecture to the cosmological
horizon in an accelerating universe suggests the universe has only a finite
number of degrees of freedom. This is consistent with a closed universe arising
from a quantum fluctuation, with zero total quantum numbers. If space-time has
eleven dimensions, and the universe began as a closed force-symmetric
ten-dimensional space with characteristic dimension L, seven of the space
dimensions must have collapsed to generate the three large space dimensions we
see. The holographic conjecture then suggests the initial length scale L must
be roughly twenty orders of magnitude larger than the Planck length.
Accordingly, the nuclear force must be roughly forty orders of magnitude
stronger than gravity, possibly resolving the force hierarchy problem. A
wavefunction for the radius of curvature of the universe can be obtained from
the Schrodinger equation derived by Elbaz and Novello. The product of this
wavefunction and its complex conjugate can be interpreted as the probability
density for finding a given radius of curvature in one of the infinity of
measurements of the radius of curvature possible (in principle) at any location
in a homogeneous isotropic universe.Comment: 4 pages, no figures, abstract corrected to insert omitted word
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