Control theoretic models of pointing

This article presents an empirical comparison of four models from manual control theory on their ability to model targeting behaviour by human users using a mouse: McRuer’s Crossover, Costello’s Surge, second-order lag (2OL), and the Bang-bang model. Such dynamic models are generative, estimating not only movement time, but also pointer position, velocity, and acceleration on a moment-to-moment basis. We describe an experimental framework for acquiring pointing actions and automatically fitting the parameters of mathematical models to the empirical data. We present the use of time-series, phase space, and Hooke plot visualisations of the experimental data, to gain insight into human pointing dynamics. We find that the identified control models can generate a range of dynamic behaviours that captures aspects of human pointing behaviour to varying degrees. Conditions with a low index of difficulty (ID) showed poorer fit because their unconstrained nature leads naturally to more behavioural variability. We report on characteristics of human surge behaviour (the initial, ballistic sub-movement) in pointing, as well as differences in a number of controller performance measures, including overshoot, settling time, peak time, and rise time. We describe trade-offs among the models. We conclude that control theory offers a promising complement to Fitts’ law based approaches in HCI, with models providing representations and predictions of human pointing dynamics, which can improve our understanding of pointing and inform design

Systems, interactions and macrotheory

A significant proportion of early HCI research was guided by one very clear vision: that the existing theory base in psychology and cognitive science could be developed to yield engineering tools for use in the interdisciplinary context of HCI design. While interface technologies and heuristic methods for behavioral evaluation have rapidly advanced in both capability and breadth of application, progress toward deeper theory has been modest, and some now believe it to be unnecessary. A case is presented for developing new forms of theory, based around generic “systems of interactors.” An overlapping, layered structure of macro- and microtheories could then serve an explanatory role, and could also bind together contributions from the different disciplines. Novel routes to formalizing and applying such theories provide a host of interesting and tractable problems for future basic research in HCI

Evolution and Impact of High Content Imaging

Abstract/outline: The field of high content imaging has steadily evolved and expanded substantially across many industry and academic research institutions since it was first described in the early 1990′s. High content imaging refers to the automated acquisition and analysis of microscopic images from a variety of biological sample types. Integration of high content imaging microscopes with multiwell plate handling robotics enables high content imaging to be performed at scale and support medium- to high-throughput screening of pharmacological, genetic and diverse environmental perturbations upon complex biological systems ranging from 2D cell cultures to 3D tissue organoids to small model organisms. In this perspective article the authors provide a collective view on the following key discussion points relevant to the evolution of high content imaging:• Evolution and impact of high content imaging: An academic perspective• Evolution and impact of high content imaging: An industry perspective• Evolution of high content image analysis• Evolution of high content data analysis pipelines towards multiparametric and phenotypic profiling applications• The role of data integration and multiomics• The role and evolution of image data repositories and sharing standards• Future perspective of high content imaging hardware and softwar

PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMCODYNAMIC STUDIES OF APOMORPHINE IN THE TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC PARKINSON'S DISEASE

There were two aspects to the study of apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson' s disease: (i) a clinical pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) study was designed and implemented in response to the challenges of apomorphine dose-titration in Parkinson's disease, and in view of the scarcity of available literature on the PK-PD relationships of apomorphine in Parkinson's disease, (ii) the PK(and tolerability)of apomorphine dosing using novel delivery/formulation combinations were explored in view of the inherent limitations associated with the conventional (ie. subcutaneous) route of administration of apomorphine (e.g. cutaneous nodule formation, needle-phobia). An HPLC assay was developed for the quantification of apomorphine in plasma, and stability issues relating to sample storage and assay were investigated. With regards to the first aspect of the research, simultaneous PK-PD modelling was performed, using an effect compartment model to account for counterclockwise hysteresis in a sub-group of patients. According to the traditional two-stage approach to data analysis, mean (standard deviation) clearance following subcutaneous bolus was 2.2 (0.5) L/kg/h, (apparent) volume of distribution was 1.9 (0.8) L/kg, absorption half-life was 4.1 (2.1) minutes and elimination half-life was 69.5 (21.1)minutes (n=7). Equilibration half-life was estimated for two patients at 8.3 and 16.5 minutes. Focus was given to investigating the relevance of a potential correlation (which had previously been identified using in-house pilot data) between post-distributional apomorphine PK and apomorphine-induced anti-parkinsonian response in patients with Parkinson's disease. It was hypothesised that this particular correlation may be of use in a dose-optimisation scheme. However it was demonstrated that, in the patients studied, the concept could not be applied to apomorphine dose-optimisation. The novel delivery systems under scrutiny were: (i) Britaject® (Britannia Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) apomorphine formulation administered subcutaneously using a needle-free (jet) injector (J-TIP®, National Medical Products Inc.), (ii) an intranasal apomorphine powder formulation delivered using a turbospin insufflator (CDFS), and (iii) an apomorphine hydrogel co-polymer produced as a dosage-form for buccal delivery (Controlled Therapeutics (Scotland) Ltd.). As a result of this work, a rationale for subsequent development of the novel systems was provided. Indeed, the needle-free and buccal systems were, in their existing format, shown not to convey a net advantage over the existing system. However the intranasal formulation, with a mean (standard deviation) relative bioavailability of 41 (18)% (n=16) compared to subcutaneous bolus administration (and with a favourable outcome as regards to tolerability), was considered to be potentially suitable for further development

Deep fusion of multi-channel neurophysiological signal for emotion recognition and monitoring

How to fuse multi-channel neurophysiological signals for emotion recognition is emerging as a hot research topic in community of Computational Psychophysiology. Nevertheless, prior feature engineering based approaches require extracting various domain knowledge related features at a high time cost. Moreover, traditional fusion method cannot fully utilise correlation information between different channels and frequency components. In this paper, we design a hybrid deep learning model, in which the 'Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)' is utilised for extracting task-related features, as well as mining inter-channel and inter-frequency correlation, besides, the 'Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)' is concatenated for integrating contextual information from the frame cube sequence. Experiments are carried out in a trial-level emotion recognition task, on the DEAP benchmarking dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms the classical methods, with regard to both of the emotional dimensions of Valence and Arousal

輸出型経済成長の因果構造と輸出の決定要因 : インドネシアの輸出業績に関する考察

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(学術)Doctor of Philosophydoctora