978 research outputs found
Multimodal Explanations: Justifying Decisions and Pointing to the Evidence
Deep models that are both effective and explainable are desirable in many
settings; prior explainable models have been unimodal, offering either
image-based visualization of attention weights or text-based generation of
post-hoc justifications. We propose a multimodal approach to explanation, and
argue that the two modalities provide complementary explanatory strengths. We
collect two new datasets to define and evaluate this task, and propose a novel
model which can provide joint textual rationale generation and attention
visualization. Our datasets define visual and textual justifications of a
classification decision for activity recognition tasks (ACT-X) and for visual
question answering tasks (VQA-X). We quantitatively show that training with the
textual explanations not only yields better textual justification models, but
also better localizes the evidence that supports the decision. We also
qualitatively show cases where visual explanation is more insightful than
textual explanation, and vice versa, supporting our thesis that multimodal
explanation models offer significant benefits over unimodal approaches.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1612.0475
Game Theory and Prescriptive Analytics for Naval Wargaming Battle Management Aids
NPS NRP Technical ReportThe Navy is taking advantage of advances in computational technologies and data analytic methods to automate and enhance tactical decisions and support warfighters in highly complex combat environments. Novel automated techniques offer opportunities to support the tactical warfighter through enhanced situational awareness, automated reasoning and problem-solving, and faster decision timelines. This study will investigate how game theory and prescriptive analytics methods can be used to develop real-time wargaming capabilities to support warfighters in their ability to explore and evaluate the possible consequences of different tactical COAs to improve tactical missions. This study will develop a conceptual design of a real-time tactical wargaming capability. This study will explore data analytic methods including game theory, prescriptive analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate their potential to support real-time wargaming.N2/N6 - Information WarfareThis research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.
EVALUATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS FOR USE IN KILL CHAIN FUNCTIONS
Current naval operations require sailors to make time-critical and high-stakes decisions based on uncertain situational knowledge in dynamic operational environments. Recent tragic events have resulted in unnecessary casualties, and they represent the decision complexity involved in naval operations and specifically highlight challenges within the OODA loop (Observe, Orient, Decide, and Assess). Kill chain decisions involving the use of weapon systems are a particularly stressing category within the OODA loop—with unexpected threats that are difficult to identify with certainty, shortened decision reaction times, and lethal consequences. An effective kill chain requires the proper setup and employment of shipboard sensors; the identification and classification of unknown contacts; the analysis of contact intentions based on kinematics and intelligence; an awareness of the environment; and decision analysis and resource selection. This project explored the use of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve naval kill chain decisions. The team studied naval kill chain functions and developed specific evaluation criteria for each function for determining the efficacy of specific AI methods. The team identified and studied AI methods and applied the evaluation criteria to map specific AI methods to specific kill chain functions.Civilian, Department of the NavyCivilian, Department of the NavyCivilian, Department of the NavyCaptain, United States Marine CorpsCivilian, Department of the NavyCivilian, Department of the NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited
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