An Efficient Anonymous Authentication Scheme Using Registration List in VANETs

Nowadays, Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are popularly known as they can reduce traffic and road accidents. These networks need several security requirements, such as anonymity, data authentication, confidentiality, traceability and cancellation of offending users, unlinkability, integrity, undeniability and access control. Authentication is one of the most important security requirements in these networks. So many authentication schemes have been proposed up to now. One of the well-known techniques to provide users authentication in these networks is the authentication based on the smartcard (ASC). In this paper, we propose an ASC scheme that not only provides necessary security requirements such as anonymity, traceability and unlinkability in the VANETs but also is more efficient than the other schemes in the literatures.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for ICEE202

Secure Data Aggregation in Vehicular-Adhoc Networks: A Survey

AbstractVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an upcoming technology that is gaining momentum in recent years. That may be the reason that the network attracts more and more attention from both industry and academia. Due to the limited bandwidth of wireless communication medium, scalability is a major problem. Data aggregation is a solution to this. The goal of data aggregation is to combine the messages and disseminate this in larger region. While doing aggregation integrity of the information can not be easily verified and attacks may be possible. Hence aggregation must be secure. Although there are several surveys covering VANETs, they do not concentrate on security issues specifically on data aggregation. In this paper, we discuss and analyse various data aggregation techniques and their solutions

EFFICIENT SECRECY MAINTAINING CERTIFICATION SCHEME FOR VANET

Abstract VANET are one of the new promising techniques used to enable communication on roads. Here for VANETs an efficient secrecy maintaining authentication scheme is done .To detect anonymous authentication group signature is used widely used but in previous scheme it suffers from long computation delay in CRL (certificate revocation list) checking. It leads to a high message loss.so they cannot achieve the target of receiving 100 of messages per second.so HMAC is used here to avoid time consuming CRL checking and to ensure the integrity of messages before batch group authentication. To reduce authentication burden each vehicle needs to verify a small number of messages using cooperative message authentication among entities. Hence security and performance analysis shows that our scheme is more efficient in terms of authentication speed by keeping conditional privacy in VANETs. Thus the proposed scheme is analyzed through simulations in NS2 and proved to out performs the existing available techniques. Keywords-Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), CRL(Certificate Revocation List)HMAC(Hash Message Authentication Code),Cooperative Message Authentication. 1. Introduction In the advanced development of wireless communication technologies, car manufactures and telecom industries help to equip each vehicle with wireless devices. It allows vehicles to communicate with each other as well as with other vehicles network communication devices like road side units (RSU) and Trustedauthority (TA)etc. Generally a VANET consists of three components they are onboard units, Road side units and a central trusted authority. In VANET when vehicles communicate with each other and also with RSU and TA in which the attackers can easily get users private information such as identity, tracing etc. The reason is that they are not properly protected so we should design an efficiency secrecy maintaining authentication scheme for VANET. In previous scheme group signature is used for detecting unknown authentication so for which any group member allows to sign behalf of the group without reveling its real identity. So when a vehicle receives a message from unknown entity, a vehicle has to check the (certificate revocation list) CRL to avoid communicate with revoked vehicles. Also To verify the sender's group signature to check the validity of the received message. The problem here occurs is the time consuming for CRL checking because it takes 11ms to verify a message with a group signature and 9ms to check one identity in CRL. If n revoked number in CRL th number of messages verified in one second is 1000/9n+1 it is very smaller than the target of verifying 600.so we should try to overcome the delay caused by CRL checking and group signature verification to achieve rapid authentication. Thus an efficient privacy authentication scheme for VANET has been done through RSU by jointly using the techniques of distributed management, HMAC, group signature verification and cooperative authentication. First dividing the precinct into several domains so the system can run in a localized manner. Then HMAC is calculated with group key generated by the self-healing group-key generation algorithm which reduces time consuming CRL checking and ensure the integrity of messages before batch verification. Then cooperative message authentication is used to improve the message authentication scheme .By using these P.Anand Sateesh Kumar et al

Development of new PCR primers by comparative genomics for the detection of Helicobacter suis in gastric biopsy specimens

Background: Although the infection rate of Helicobacter suis is significantly lower than that of Helicobacter pylori, the H. suis infection is associated with a high rate of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In addition, in vitro cultivation of H. suis remains difficult, and some H. suis-infected patients show negative results on the urea breath test (UBT). Materials and Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice were orally inoculated with mouse gastric mucosal homogenates containing H. suis strains TKY or SNTW101 isolated from a cynomolgus monkey or a patient suffering from nodular gastritis, respectively. The high-purity chromosomal DNA samples of H. suis strains TKY and SNTW101 were prepared from the infected mouse gastric mucosa. The SOLiD sequencing of two H. suis genomes enabled comparative genomics of 20 Helicobacter and 11 Campylobacter strains for the identification of the H. suis-specific nucleotide sequences. Results: Oral inoculation with mouse gastric mucosal homogenates containing H. suis strains TKY and SNTW101 induced gastric MALT lymphoma and the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles, respectively, in C57BL/6J mice. Two conserved nucleotide sequences among six H. suis strains were identified and were used to design diagnostic PCR primers for the detection of H. suis. Conclusions: There was a strong association between the H. suis infection and gastric diseases in the C57BL/6 mouse model. PCR diagnosis using an H. suis-specific primer pair is a valuable method for detecting H. suis in gastric biopsy specimens

Privacy in VANET using Shared Key Management

Abstract: Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) are very likely to be emerged in the coming years. The main objective of this paper is to provide privacy in VANET using shared distributed key management. In shared key management, a short group signature scheme is used to facilitate the revocation of malicious vehicles and heterogeneous security policies. In this framework, road side unit (RSU) acts as the key distributor. A new problem encountered is that a RSU may misbehave. A secure key distribution protocol is used to detect such misbehaved RSUs. The protocol guarantees the traceability of compromised RSUs and malicious vehicles. Moreover, the issue of large computation overhead is also addressed in this paper. A group authentication protocol is proposed to mitigate the communication and computation overhead that occur while using the group signature scheme. Here only a small number of vehicles participate in verification process. Keywords: VANET, privacy, shared key management, Road side units, ad-hoc networks I INTRODUCTION VANET is a form of ad-hoc network that enables communications between nearby vehicles (V2V communications) and the road-side infrastructure (V2I communications).In other words , VANET is a special kind of mobile ad-hoc networks where wireless equipped vehicles form a network. VANET research came into existence with the Fleet-Net project in mid 2001. The main aim of that was to develop a communication platform for inter-vehicle communication. Privacy is an important issue in VANETS II BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE A VANET is a form of MANET which provides communication between vehicles and between vehicles and road-side base stations. A vehicle in VANET is considered to be an intelligent mobile node capable of communicating with its neighbors and other vehicles in the network. VANET is mainly designed to provide safety related information, traffic management, and infotainment services. Privacy and security are the two important issues in VANET. Without security, a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) system is wide open to a number of attacks such as propagation of false warning messages as well as suppression of actual warning messages, thereby causing accidents. Another form of attack in VANET is tracking. This makes security and privacy a factor of major concern in building such networks. There have been several proposals for privacy preservation of VANETs. Some of them are using pseudonyms, silent period [4], mix-zones [3] etc. Each vehicle in a mix zone will keep silent in transmission, and randomly update its pseudonyms when it travels out of the mix zone and becomes reactivated. Given a reasonable large mix zone, the location privacy can be well protected due to the untraceability of location and pseudonym updating in the silent period. In the AMOEBA [5], vehicles form groups. The messages of all group members are forwarded by the group leader, which implies that the privacy of group members is protected by sacrificing the privacy of group leader. Moreover, if a malicious vehicle is selected as a group leader, all group members' privacy may be leaked by the malicious leader. While the pure pseudonym schemes do not support the secure functionality of authentication, integrity, and nonrepudiation, an anonymous signing protocol [1] is proposed to provide such functions as well as privacy. In the protocol, each vehicle preloads a large number of certificated anonymou

Security Analysis of Efficient Anonymous Authentication With Conditional Privacy Preserving Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Protecting a driver’s privacy is one of the major concerns in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Currently, Azees et al. has proposed an efficient anonymous authentication protocol (EAAP) for VANETs. The authors claim that their scheme can implement conditional privacy, and that it can provide resistance against impersonation attack and bogus message attack from an external attacker. In this paper, we show that their scheme fails to resist these two types of attack as well as forgery attack. By these attacks, an attacker can broadcast any messages successfully. Further, the attacker cannot be traced by a trusted authority, which means their scheme does not satisfy the requirement of conditional privacy. The results of this article clearly show that the scheme of Azees et al. is insecure

Secure Authentication and Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs)

In the last decade, there has been growing interest in Vehicular Ad Hoc NETworks (VANETs). Today car manufacturers have already started to equip vehicles with sophisticated sensors that can provide many assistive features such as front collision avoidance, automatic lane tracking, partial autonomous driving, suggestive lane changing, and so on. Such technological advancements are enabling the adoption of VANETs not only to provide safer and more comfortable driving experience but also provide many other useful services to the driver as well as passengers of a vehicle. However, privacy, authentication and secure message dissemination are some of the main issues that need to be thoroughly addressed and solved for the widespread adoption/deployment of VANETs. Given the importance of these issues, researchers have spent a lot of effort in these areas over the last decade. We present an overview of the following issues that arise in VANETs: privacy, authentication, and secure message dissemination. Then we present a comprehensive review of various solutions proposed in the last 10 years which address these issues. Our survey sheds light on some open issues that need to be addressed in the future