Remarks on Trade Usages And Business Practices In International Sales Law

Trade usages and business practices are key elements of international commerce. In their day-to-day activities, traders and business people around the world constantly rely upon trade usages and business practices across a variety of industries. Usages and practices tend to be dignified by the business community with a status equivalent to that of actual law. As a matter of fact, many business persons often tend to regard trade usages and business practices as very powerful tools to ensure the stability of their bargain and, at times, transact business solely based on such usages and practices, withoutany written contract. Due to the importance of this subject, distinguished international legal commentators have often attempted to define trade usages and business practices and, in doing so, they have indeed succeeded at providing a substantial amount of theoretical ammunition for the benefit of the interpreter. What is more challenging, in my opinion, is to understand the interplay (and the related legal and commercial consequences) arising from the application of trade usages and business practices alongside the black letter rules of international conventions and model law instruments, which often refer to usages and practices without defining them

Similarity knowledge formalisation for audio engineering

The work presented in this paper demonstrates the externalisation of tacit knowledge encoded in a special vocabulary used by experienced audio engineers to a effectively describe emotions evoked by a sound or piece of music. We created an approach to formalising the adjectives describing the timbre of a sound as well as their relationships and composing this special vocabulary. The known problems associated with the attempt to formalise and quantise emotions and descriptors of emotions are discussed. The problems are mainly the vagueness of emotions and the variation in the emotions the same single percept can trigger in different humans. To amend these problems we used the Case-based reasoning (CBR) approach. In particular we demonstrate our project work to use CBR's ability to process fuzzy and incomplete queries to emulate the vagueness and differentiation associated with the emotions triggered by a sound percept. We then describe our way of capturing the experience of audio engineers by mapping the formalised vocabulary of timbre-describing adjectives to workflows. These workflows describe the actions to be performed to change the spectral shaping of a sound to change its emotional effect in reflection to the descriptive adjectives provided

Flexibility in contracting

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Banking and Finance

The banking and finance industry plays a significant role in the economy of a nation. As such, continuous research and up-to-date feeds are necessary for it to stay competitive and resilient. Due to its revolving and dynamic nature as well as its significance and interlinkages with other industries, a well-functioning banking and finance system is vital in safeguarding the interest of all stakeholders. Banking and Finance covers a wide range of essential topics highlighting major issues related to banking and finance. The book is rich with empirical evidence, scientific researches, best practices, and recommendations, making it a compact yet handy reference for readers, especially those who are in the field of banking and finance