Efficient Detection of Counterfeit Products in Large-scale RFID Systems Using Batch Authentication Protocols

RFID technology facilitates processing of product information, making it a promising technology for anti-counterfeiting. However, in large-scale RFID applications, such as supply chain, retail industry, pharmaceutical industry, total tag estimation and tag authentication are two major research issues. Though there are per-tag authentication protocols and probabilistic approaches for total tag estimation in RFID systems, the RFID authentication protocols are mainly per-tag-based where the reader authenticates one tag at each time. For a batch of tags, current RFID systems have to identify them and then authenticate each tag sequentially, one at a time. This increases the protocol execution time due to the large volume of authentication data. In this paper, we propose to detect counterfeit tags in large-scale system using efficient batch authentication protocol. We propose FSA-based protocol, FTest, to meet the requirements of prompt and reliable batch authentication in large-scale RFID applications. FTest can determine the validity of a batch of tags with minimal execution time which is a major goal of large-scale RFID systems. FTest can reduce protocol execution time by ensuring that the percentage of potential counterfeit products is under the user-defined threshold. The experimental result demonstrates that FTest performs significantly better than the existing counterfeit detection approaches, for example, existing authentication techniques

Improved RFID Anti-collision Protocol for EPCglobal Class-1 Generation-2

One of the important feature in the RFID technology is its functionality without needs to line of sight which makes it more feasible than other similar technologies. The problem occurs when more than one tag reply to the reader at the same time and collide together. To resolve the mentioned issue an anti-collision algorithm has to be used. The anti-collision algorithms are mostly efficient if the number of tags are small and has not been designed for large number of tags. In some applications that the number of tags may be hundreds of tags the existing mechanism may reduce the performance of the system due to delayed algorithms. In this paper an improved anti-collision protocol has been proposed. A modified two-parameter step size method for Q algorithm is also used to increase the efficiency of reading. The step sizes are adjusted depending on collisions in previous round. The number of slots in each round is also adjusted to prevent collisions in next rounds. The performance of proposed protocol has been evaluated using RFID module that implements EPCglobal C1G2 and designed especially for IoT environment and find the proposed protocol effective. Keywords: RFID, Anti-collision, EPCglobal, Q algorithm, DFSA

Ensuring Application Specific Security, Privacy and Performance Goals in RFID Systems

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is an automatic identification technology that uses radio frequency to identify objects. Securing RFID systems and providing privacy in RFID applications has been the focus of much academic work lately. To ensure universal acceptance of RFID technology, security and privacy issued must be addressed into the design of any RFID application. Due to the constraints on memory, power, storage capacity, and amount of logic on RFID devices, traditional public key based strong security mechanisms are unsuitable for them. Usually, low cost general authentication protocols are used to secure RFID systems. However, the generic authentication protocols provide relatively low performance for different types of RFID applications. We identified that each RFID application has unique research challenges and different performance bottlenecks based on the characteristics of the system. One strategy is to devise security protocols such that application specific goals are met and system specific performance requirements are maximized. This dissertation aims to address the problem of devising application specific security protocols for current and next generation RFID systems so that in each application area maximum performance can be achieved and system specific goals are met. In this dissertation, we propose four different authentication techniques for RFID technologies, providing solutions to the following research issues: 1) detecting counterfeit as well as ensuring low response time in large scale RFID systems, 2) preserving privacy and maintaining scalability in RFID based healthcare systems, 3) ensuring security and survivability of Computational RFID (CRFID) networks, and 4) detecting missing WISP tags efficiently to ensure reliability of CRFID based system\u27s decision. The techniques presented in this dissertation achieve good levels of privacy, provide security, scale to large systems, and can be implemented on resource-constrained RFID devices

Attacks on the HF Physical Layer of Contactless and RFID Systems

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Merged Search Algorithms for Radio Frequency Identification Anticollision

Nowadays, the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system enables the control of many devices over an open communication infrastructure ranging from a small home area network to the global Internet. Moreover, a variety of consumer products are tagged with remotely low-cost readable identification electromagnetic tags to replace Bar Codes. Applications such as automatic object tracking, inventory and supply chain management, and Web appliances were adopted for years in many companies. The arbitration algorithm for RFID system is used to arbitrate all the tags to avoid the collision problem with the existence of multiple tags in the interrogation field of a transponder. A splitting algorithm which is called Binary Search Tree (BST) is well known for multitags arbitration. In the current study, a splitting-based schema called Merged Search Tree is proposed to capture identification codes correctly for anticollision. Performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the original BST according to time and power consumed during the arbitration process. The results show that the proposed model can reduce searching time and power consumed to achieve a better performance arbitration

A Review on Missing Tags Detection Approaches in RFID System

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system can provides automatic detection on very large number of tagged objects within short time. With this advantage, it is been using in many areas especially in the supply chain management, manufacturing and many others. It has the ability to track individual object all away from the manufacturing factory until it reach the retailer store. However, due to its nature that depends on radio signal to do the detection, reading on tagged objects can be missing due to the signal lost. The signal lost can be caused by weak signal, interference and unknown source. Missing tag detection in RFID system is truly significant problem, because it makes system reporting becoming useless, due to the misleading information generated from the inaccurate readings. The missing detection also can invoke fake alarm on theft, or object left undetected and unattended for some period. This paper provides review regarding this issue and compares some of the proposed approaches including Window Sub-range Transition Detection (WSTD), Efficient Missing-Tag Detection Protocol (EMD) and Multi-hashing based Missing Tag Identification (MMTI) protocol. Based on the reviews it will give insight on the current challenges and open up for a new solution in solving the problem of missing tag detection