A Review of the Energy Efficient and Secure Multicast Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

This paper presents a thorough survey of recent work addressing energy efficient multicast routing protocols and secure multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). There are so many issues and solutions which witness the need of energy management and security in ad hoc wireless networks. The objective of a multicast routing protocol for MANETs is to support the propagation of data from a sender to all the receivers of a multicast group while trying to use the available bandwidth efficiently in the presence of frequent topology changes. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of wireless transmission. Secure multicast routing plays a significant role in MANETs. However, offering energy efficient and secure multicast routing is a difficult and challenging task. In recent years, various multicast routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. These protocols have distinguishing features and use different mechanismsComment: 15 page

Vehicle flow prediction through probabilistic modeling

Within the area of wireless and mobile communications, ad hoc vehicular networks have generated the interest of different organizations, which has generated a topic of study and analysis for the increase of applications, devices, technology integration, security, standards, and quality of service in different areas (Zhu et al. in IEEE Trans Veh Technol 64(4):1607–1619, [1]) and (Tian et al. in A self-adaptive V2V communication system with DSRC, pp 1528–1532, [2]). This study on vehicle networks shows a great deal of opportunity and motivation to deepen the aspects that involve it, which have emerged due to the advance of wireless technologies, as well as research in the automotive industry. This allows the development of networks with spontaneous topologies with vehicles in constant movement in several simulations (Mir and Filali in LTE and IEEE 802.11p for vehicular networking: a performance evaluation, pp 1–15, [3]), with reliable vehicle flows, through the share of traffic information, considering that continuous mobility is an essential characteristic of a VANET vehicle network, which can have short changes in terms of groups of vehicles in the same direction (Lokhande and Khamitkar, 9(12):30–33, [4]). The following paper uses a road scenario called VANET to obtain a predictive characterization of vehicle flow using a probabilistic model