The Role ofSocial Capital and Shared Mental Model inVirtualR&D Teams

The working style of virtual R&D team is becoming more and more popular, so lots of researchers concern about the performance of virtual R&D teams. Shared mental model (SMM) is a concept in psychology which is defined as a common thinking style developed by similar experience and individual mental models. In this paper, we consider two types of SMM, which are task-related SMM and member-related SMM, and hope to investigatewhether SMM could influence the performance of R&D virtual teams and the antecedent relationship of SMM using social capital theory. The research results indicate that we could use social capital theory to explain the antecedents of task-related SMM and member-related SMM.Wealso find that task-related SMM and member-related SMM are both positively related to virtual R&Dteam performance. This researchemphasizes the importance of the notice on SMM in virtual team establishment, which should be paid more attentions

Identifying Modes of Intent from Driver Behaviors in Dynamic Environments

In light of growing attention of intelligent vehicle systems, we propose developing a driver model that uses a hybrid system formulation to capture the intent of the driver. This model hopes to capture human driving behavior in a way that can be utilized by semi- and fully autonomous systems in heterogeneous environments. We consider a discrete set of high level goals or intent modes, that is designed to encompass the decision making process of the human. A driver model is derived using a dataset of lane changes collected in a realistic driving simulator, in which the driver actively labels data to give us insight into her intent. By building the labeled dataset, we are able to utilize classification tools to build the driver model using features of based on her perception of the environment, and achieve high accuracy in identifying driver intent. Multiple algorithms are presented and compared on the dataset, and a comparison of the varying behaviors between drivers is drawn. Using this modeling methodology, we present a model that can be used to assess driver behaviors and to develop human-inspired safety metrics that can be utilized in intelligent vehicular systems.Comment: Submitted to ITSC 201

Artistic Cartography and Design Explorations Towards the Pluriverse

This edited volume uses an interdisciplinary approach to art and design that not only reframes but also repositions agendas and actions to address fragmented global systems. Contributors explore the pluriverse of art and design through epistemological and methodological considerations. What kinds of sustainable ways are there for knowledge transfer, supporting plural agendas, finding novel ways for unsettling conversations, unlearning and learning and challenging power structures with marginalised groups and contexts through art and design? The main themes of the book are art and design methods, epistemologies and practices that provide critical, interdisciplinary, pluriversal and decolonial considerations. The book challenges the domination of the white logic of art and design and shifts away from the Anglo-European one-world system towardsthe pluriverse. The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, visual studies, arts-based research, and design studies

Applying Text Analytics to Examination of End Users’ Mental Models of Cybersecurity

Mental models can explain how end users perceive their interactions with information systems, and inform cybersecurity awareness training. In this study, we used text analytic techniques to extract mental models representing cybersecurity concepts in learners at different levels of expertise. We applied these analytic techniques to text data collected from open-ended questions designed to capture learners’ understanding of cybersecurity concepts. We analyzed similarities and differences between learner groups using frequency, entropy and cosine similarity measures applied to n-gram features of their written responses. Our analysis showed that there is a difference in mental models between learners with informal exposure to cybersecurity topics and those with formal exposure. Furthermore, as a proof to demonstrate the predictive power of mental models, we correlated end users mental models with their perceived security. Finally, this study validated text analytics as a tool for capturing the mental models of end users without influencing the models

From common operational picture to common situational understanding: An analysis based on practitioner perspectives

The concepts of Situational Awareness (SA) and Common Operational Picture (COP) are closely related and well-acknowledged to be crucial factors for effective emergency management. In multi-agency operations, such as extreme weather events, the involved first responders manage the event with different mandates, objectives, and tools which can make it challenging to build a COP. Effective collaboration requires a common situational understanding, based on knowledge about each other’s responsibilities and tasks, mutual respect and trust, as well as common communication tools for emergency communication and information sharing. This paper argues that the COP serves as a basis for deciding on further action, and thus represents a first stage in the process of establishing common situational understanding among the involved actors. The empirical basis for the study includes interviews with Norwegian emergency management stakeholders, analysis of audio-logs, and review of public documents. Based on the analysis we present a framework comprising activities and processes involved in establishing a COP as a basis for common situational understanding.publishedVersio