149,628 research outputs found
Second-Level Digital Divide: Mapping Differences in People's Online Skills
Much of the existing approach to the digital divide suffers from an important
limitation. It is based on a binary classification of Internet use by only
considering whether someone is or is not an Internet user. To remedy this
shortcoming, this project looks at the differences in people's level of skill
with respect to finding information online. Findings suggest that people search
for content in a myriad of ways and there is a large variance in how long
people take to find various types of information online. Data are collected to
see how user demographics, users' social support networks, people's experience
with the medium, and their autonomy of use influence their level of user
sophistication.Comment: 29th TPRC Conference, 200
Supporting aspect-based video browsing - analysis of a user study
In this paper, we present a novel video search interface based on the concept of aspect browsing. The proposed strategy is to assist the user in exploratory video search by actively suggesting new query terms and video shots. Our approach has the potential to narrow the "Semantic Gap" issue by allowing users to explore the data collection. First, we describe a clustering technique to identify potential aspects of a search. Then, we use the results to propose suggestions to the user to help them in their search task. Finally, we analyse this approach by exploiting the log files and the feedbacks of a user study
What is Usability? A Characterization based on ISO 9241-11 and ISO/IEC 25010
According to Brooke* "Usability does not exist in any absolute sense; it can
only be defined with reference to particular contexts." That is, one cannot
speak of usability without specifying what that particular usability is
characterized by. Driven by the feedback of a reviewer at an international
conference, I explore in which way one can precisely specify the kind of
usability they are investigating in a given setting. Finally, I come up with a
formalism that defines usability as a quintuple comprising the elements level
of usability metrics, product, users, goals and context of use. Providing
concrete values for these elements then constitutes the investigated type of
usability. The use of this formalism is demonstrated in two case studies.
* J. Brooke. SUS: A "quick and dirty" usability scale. In P. W. Jordan, B.
Thomas, B. A. Weerdmeester, and A. L. McClelland, editors, Usability Evaluation
in Industry. Taylor and Francis, 1996.Comment: Technical Report; Department of Computer Science, Technische
Universit\"at Chemnitz; also available from
https://www.tu-chemnitz.de/informatik/service/ib/2015.php.e
Beyond 2D-grids: a dependence maximization view on image browsing
Ideally, one would like to perform image search using an intuitive and friendly approach. Many existing image search engines, however, present users with sets of images arranged in some default order on the screen, typically the relevance to a query, only. While this certainly has its advantages, arguably, a more flexible and intuitive way would be to sort images into arbitrary structures such as grids, hierarchies, or spheres so that images that are visually or semantically alike are placed together. This paper focuses on designing such a navigation system for image browsers. This is a challenging task because arbitrary layout structure makes it difficult -- if not impossible -- to compute cross-similarities between images and structure coordinates, the main ingredient of traditional layouting approaches. For this reason, we resort to a recently developed machine learning technique: kernelized sorting. It is a general technique for matching pairs of objects from different domains without requiring cross-domain similarity measures and hence elegantly allows sorting images into arbitrary structures. Moreover, we extend it so that some images can be preselected for instance forming the tip of the hierarchy allowing to subsequently navigate through the search results in the lower levels in an intuitive way
DeltaPhish: Detecting Phishing Webpages in Compromised Websites
The large-scale deployment of modern phishing attacks relies on the automatic
exploitation of vulnerable websites in the wild, to maximize profit while
hindering attack traceability, detection and blacklisting. To the best of our
knowledge, this is the first work that specifically leverages this adversarial
behavior for detection purposes. We show that phishing webpages can be
accurately detected by highlighting HTML code and visual differences with
respect to other (legitimate) pages hosted within a compromised website. Our
system, named DeltaPhish, can be installed as part of a web application
firewall, to detect the presence of anomalous content on a website after
compromise, and eventually prevent access to it. DeltaPhish is also robust
against adversarial attempts in which the HTML code of the phishing page is
carefully manipulated to evade detection. We empirically evaluate it on more
than 5,500 webpages collected in the wild from compromised websites, showing
that it is capable of detecting more than 99% of phishing webpages, while only
misclassifying less than 1% of legitimate pages. We further show that the
detection rate remains higher than 70% even under very sophisticated attacks
carefully designed to evade our system.Comment: Preprint version of the work accepted at ESORICS 201
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The effect of dyslexia on information retrieval: A pilot study
Purpose â The purpose of the paper is to resolve a gap in our knowledge of how people with dyslexia interact with Information Retrieval (IR) systems, specifically an understanding of their information searching behaviour. Very little research has been undertaken with this particular user group, and given the size of the group (an estimated 10% of the population) this lack of knowledge needs to be addressed.
Design/Methodology/Approach - We use elements of the dyslexia cognitive profile to design a logging system recording the difference between two sets of participants: dyslexic and control users. We use a standard Okapi interface together with two standard TREC topics in order to record the information searching behaviour of these users. We gather evidence from various sources, including quantitative information on search logs, together with qualitative information from interviews and questionnaires. We record variables on queries, documents, relevance assessments and sessions in the search logs. We use this evidence to examine the difference in searching between the two sets of users, in order to understand the effect of dyslexia on the information searching behaviour. A topic analysis is also conducted on the quantitative data to show any effect on the results from the information need.
Research limitations/implications â As this is a pilot study, only 10 participants were recruited for the study, 5 for each user group. Due to ethical issues, the number of topics per search was restricted to one topic only. The study shows that the methodology applied is useful for distinguishing between the two user groups, taking into account differences between topic. We outline further research on the back of this pilot study in four main areas. A different approach from the proposed methodology is needed to measure the effect on query variables, which takes account of topic variation. More details on users are needed such as reading abilities, speed of language processing and working memory to distinguish the user groups. Effect of topic on search interaction must be measured in order to record the potential impact on the dyslexic user group. Work is needed on relevance assessment and effect on precision and recall for users who may not read many documents.
Findings â Using the log data, we establish the differences in information searching behaviour of control and dyslexic users i.e. in the way the two groups interact with Okapi, and that qualitative information collected (such as experience etc) may not be able to account for these differences. Evidence from query variables was unable to distinguish between groups, but differences on topic for the same variables were recorded. Users who view more documents tended to judge more documents as being relevant, either in terms of the user group or topic. Session data indicated that there may be an important difference between the number of iterations used in a search between the user groups, as there may be little effect from the topic on this variable.
Originality/Value â This is the first study of the effect of dyslexia on information search behaviour, and provides some evidence to take the field forward
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