1,096 research outputs found
On the Derivative Imbalance and Ambiguity of Functions
In 2007, Carlet and Ding introduced two parameters, denoted by and
, quantifying respectively the balancedness of general functions
between finite Abelian groups and the (global) balancedness of their
derivatives , (providing an
indicator of the nonlinearity of the functions). These authors studied the
properties and cryptographic significance of these two measures. They provided
for S-boxes inequalities relating the nonlinearity to ,
and obtained in particular an upper bound on the nonlinearity which unifies
Sidelnikov-Chabaud-Vaudenay's bound and the covering radius bound. At the
Workshop WCC 2009 and in its postproceedings in 2011, a further study of these
parameters was made; in particular, the first parameter was applied to the
functions where is affine, providing more nonlinearity parameters.
In 2010, motivated by the study of Costas arrays, two parameters called
ambiguity and deficiency were introduced by Panario \emph{et al.} for
permutations over finite Abelian groups to measure the injectivity and
surjectivity of the derivatives respectively. These authors also studied some
fundamental properties and cryptographic significance of these two measures.
Further studies followed without that the second pair of parameters be compared
to the first one.
In the present paper, we observe that ambiguity is the same parameter as
, up to additive and multiplicative constants (i.e. up to rescaling). We
make the necessary work of comparison and unification of the results on ,
respectively on ambiguity, which have been obtained in the five papers devoted
to these parameters. We generalize some known results to any Abelian groups and
we more importantly derive many new results on these parameters
Enumerating Polytropes
Polytropes are both ordinary and tropical polytopes. We show that tropical
types of polytropes in are in bijection with cones of a
certain Gr\"{o}bner fan in restricted
to a small cone called the polytrope region. These in turn are indexed by
compatible sets of bipartite and triangle binomials. Geometrically, on the
polytrope region, is the refinement of two fans: the fan of
linearity of the polytrope map appeared in \cite{tran.combi}, and the bipartite
binomial fan. This gives two algorithms for enumerating tropical types of
polytropes: one via a general Gr\"obner fan software such as \textsf{gfan}, and
another via checking compatibility of systems of bipartite and triangle
binomials. We use these algorithms to compute types of full-dimensional
polytropes for , and maximal polytropes for .Comment: Improved exposition, fixed error in reporting the number maximal
polytropes for , fixed error in definition of bipartite binomial
Axiomatic Conformal Field Theory
A new rigorous approach to conformal field theory is presented. The basic
objects are families of complex-valued amplitudes, which define a meromorphic
conformal field theory (or chiral algebra) and which lead naturally to the
definition of topological vector spaces, between which vertex operators act as
continuous operators. In fact, in order to develop the theory, M\"obius
invariance rather than full conformal invariance is required but it is shown
that every M\"obius theory can be extended to a conformal theory by the
construction of a Virasoro field.
In this approach, a representation of a conformal field theory is naturally
defined in terms of a family of amplitudes with appropriate analytic
properties. It is shown that these amplitudes can also be derived from a
suitable collection of states in the meromorphic theory. Zhu's algebra then
appears naturally as the algebra of conditions which states defining highest
weight representations must satisfy. The relationship of the representations of
Zhu's algebra to the classification of highest weight representations is
explained.Comment: 51 pages, plain TE
On the Equivalence of Quadratic APN Functions
Establishing the CCZ-equivalence of a pair of APN functions is generally
quite difficult. In some cases, when seeking to show that a putative new
infinite family of APN functions is CCZ inequivalent to an already known
family, we rely on computer calculation for small values of n. In this paper we
present a method to prove the inequivalence of quadratic APN functions with the
Gold functions. Our main result is that a quadratic function is CCZ-equivalent
to an APN Gold function if and only if it is EA-equivalent to that Gold
function. As an application of this result, we prove that a trinomial family of
APN functions that exist on finite fields of order 2^n where n = 2 mod 4 are
CCZ inequivalent to the Gold functions. The proof relies on some knowledge of
the automorphism group of a code associated with such a function.Comment: 13 p
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