Gestion adaptative des ressources dans les réseaux maillés sans fil à multiples-radios multiples-canaux

Depuis quelques années, la recherche dans le domaine des réseaux maillés sans fil ("Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)" en anglais) suscite un grand intérêt auprès de la communauté des chercheurs en télécommunications. Ceci est dû aux nombreux avantages que la technologie WMN offre, telles que l'installation facile et peu coûteuse, la connectivité fiable et l'interopérabilité flexible avec d'autres réseaux existants (réseaux Wi-Fi, réseaux WiMax, réseaux cellulaires, réseaux de capteurs, etc.). Cependant, plusieurs problèmes restent encore à résoudre comme le passage à l'échelle, la sécurité, la qualité de service (QdS), la gestion des ressources, etc. Ces problèmes persistent pour les WMNs, d'autant plus que le nombre des utilisateurs va en se multipliant. Il faut donc penser à améliorer les protocoles existants ou à en concevoir de nouveaux. L'objectif de notre recherche est de résoudre certaines des limitations rencontrées à l'heure actuelle dans les WMNs et d'améliorer la QdS des applications multimédia temps-réel (par exemple, la voix). Le travail de recherche de cette thèse sera divisé essentiellement en trois principaux volets: le contrôle d‟admission du trafic, la différentiation du trafic et la réaffectation adaptative des canaux lors de la présence du trafic en relève ("handoff" en anglais). Dans le premier volet, nous proposons un mécanisme distribué de contrôle d'admission se basant sur le concept des cliques (une clique correspond à un sous-ensemble de liens logiques qui interfèrent les uns avec les autres) dans un réseau à multiples-sauts, multiples-radios et multiples-canaux, appelé RCAC. Nous proposons en particulier un modèle analytique qui calcule le ratio approprié d'admission du trafic et qui garantit une probabilité de perte de paquets dans le réseau n'excédant pas un seuil prédéfini. Le mécanisme RCAC permet d‟assurer la QdS requise pour les flux entrants, sans dégrader la QdS des flux existants. Il permet aussi d‟assurer la QdS en termes de longueur du délai de bout en bout pour les divers flux. Le deuxième volet traite de la différentiation de services dans le protocole IEEE 802.11s afin de permettre une meilleure QdS, notamment pour les applications avec des contraintes temporelles (par exemple, voix, visioconférence). À cet égard, nous proposons un mécanisme d'ajustement de tranches de temps ("time-slots"), selon la classe de service, ED-MDA (Enhanced Differentiated-Mesh Deterministic Access), combiné à un algorithme efficace de contrôle d'admission EAC (Efficient Admission Control), afin de permettre une utilisation élevée et efficace des ressources. Le mécanisme EAC prend en compte le trafic en relève et lui attribue une priorité supérieure par rapport au nouveau trafic pour minimiser les interruptions de communications en cours. Dans le troisième volet, nous nous intéressons à minimiser le surcoût et le délai de re-routage des utilisateurs mobiles et/ou des applications multimédia en réaffectant les canaux dans les WMNs à Multiples-Radios (MR-WMNs). En premier lieu, nous proposons un modèle d'optimisation qui maximise le débit, améliore l'équité entre utilisateurs et minimise le surcoût dû à la relève des appels. Ce modèle a été résolu par le logiciel CPLEX pour un nombre limité de noeuds. En second lieu, nous élaborons des heuristiques/méta-heuristiques centralisées pour permettre de résoudre ce modèle pour des réseaux de taille réelle. Finalement, nous proposons un algorithme pour réaffecter en temps-réel et de façon prudente les canaux aux interfaces. Cet algorithme a pour objectif de minimiser le surcoût et le délai du re-routage spécialement du trafic dynamique généré par les appels en relève. Ensuite, ce mécanisme est amélioré en prenant en compte l‟équilibrage de la charge entre cliques.In the last few years, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) area brought a new field of advanced research among network specialized scientists. This is due to the many advantages which WMN technology offers, such as: easy and inexpensive installation, reliable connectivity and flexible interoperability with other existing networks (Wi-Fi, WiMax, Cellular, Sensors, WPAN networks, etc.). However, several problems still remain to be solved such as the scalability, the security, the quality of service (QoS), the resources management, etc. These problems persist for WMNs, therefore the researchers propose to improve the existing protocols or to conceive new protocols for WMNs. In order to solve some of the current limitations met in the wireless networks and to improve QoS of real time multimedia applications in such networks, our research will be divided primarily into three parts: traffic admission control, traffic differentiation and handoff-aware channel assignment schemes. In the first part, we propose a distributed admission control scheme for WMNs, namely, Routing on Cliques (a clique is defined as a subset of logical links that interfere with each other) Admission Control (RCAC). Particularly, we propose an analytical model to compute the appropriate acceptance ratio and guarantee that the packet loss probability in the network does not exceed a threshold value. The model also allows computing end-to-end delay to process flow requests with delay constraints. In the second part, we design an efficient scheduler for Mesh Deterministic Access (MDA) in IEEE 802.11s-based WMNs, called Enhanced Differentiated-MDA (ED-MDA) to support voice and video applications with strict requirements on delay and on blocking/dropping probability. ED-MDA together with Enhanced Admission Control, namely EAC, reserves the minimum amount of necessary resources while maintaining an acceptable handoff call dropping and high resource utilization. The final section addresses handoff-aware channel assignment (CA) problem in Multiple Radios WMNs (MR-WMNs). In this section, we first propose a multi-objective optimization model that, besides maximizing throughput, improves fairness and handoff experience of mesh clients. In this model, the Jain’s index is used to maximize users’ fairness and to allow same channel assignments to links involved in the same high handoff traffic, thus reducing handoff-triggered re-routing characterized by its high latency. Second, we solved this model to obtain exact solutions by the CPLEX software for a limited number of nodes. We therefore propose to use centralized heuristics/meta-heuristics algorithms as an offline CA process to obtain near-optimal solutions for larger instances (real size network). Moreover, in order to adapt to traffic dynamics caused especially by user handoffs, an online CA scheme is proposed that carefully re-assigns channels to interfaces with the purpose of continuously minimizing the re-routing overhead/latency during user handoffs. This online scheme is improved using load balancing

Integration of multimetric path management into 802.11S for telemedicine quality of service provision

The merits of 802.11s as the wireless mesh network standard provide a low cost and high independent scalability telemedicine infrastructure. However, challenges in degradation of performance as hops increase and the absence of Quality of Service (QoS) provision need to be resolved. Reliability and timely manner are important factors for successful telemedicine service. This research investigates the use of 802.11s for telemedicine services. A new model of 802.11s based on telemedicine infrastructure has been developed for this purpose. A non deterministic polynomial path selection is proposed to provide end-to-end QoS provisioning in 802.11s. A multi-metric called QoS Price metric is proposed as measurement of link quality. The QoS Price is derived from multi layers values that reflect telemedicine traffic requirement and resource availability of the network. The proposed solution has modified the path management of 802.11s and added resource allocation in distributed scheme. This modification and resource allocation improvement of 802.11s were given the designation medQoS-802.11s. MedQoS- 802.11s could provide a link guarantee of telemedicine traffic transmission in the selected path. MedQoS-802.11s had been tested using ns3 simulation and real environment testbed. The result has shown that medQoS-802.11s could achieve the traffic guarantee for almost 95% telemedicine traffic with 58% for the resource intensive diagnostic video traffic. It has also shown that the cost of link path overhead is efficient with the transmission overhead having an increment of 6% compared to the original 802.11s. The concurrent connection results for single time transmission shows that medQoS-802.11s has a significant increase of up to 12% traffic than original 802.11s. The testbed results have verified the QoS guarantee of the intended telemedicine traffic per transmission time. In summary, the reliability and time guarantee of medQoS has highly improved 802.11s to transmit telemedicine traffic

Traffic engineering multi-layer optimization for wireless mesh network transmission a campus network routing protocol transmission performance inhancement

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityThe wireless mesh network is a potential network for the future due to its excellent inherent characteristic for dynamic self-healing, self-configuration and self-organization. It also has the advantage of easy interoperability networking and the ability to form multi-linked ad-hoc networks. It has a decentralized topology, is cheap and highly scalable. Furthermore, its ease in deployment and easy maintenance are other inherent networking qualities. These aforementioned qualities of the wireless mesh network bring advantages to transmission capability of heterogeneous networks. However, transmissions in wireless mesh network create comparative performance based challenges such as congestion, load-balancing, scalability over increasing networks and coverage capacity. Consequently, these challenges and problems in the routing and switching of packets in the wireless mesh network routing protocols led to a proposal on the resolution of these failures with a combination algorithm and a management based security for the network and its transmitted packets. There are equally contentious services like reliability of the network and quality of service for real-time multimedia traffic flows with other challenges such as path computation and selection in the wireless mesh network. This thesis is therefore a cumulative proposal to the resolution of the outlined challenges and open research areas posed by using wireless mesh network routing protocol. It advances the resolution of these challenges in the mesh environment using a hybrid optimization – traffic engineering, to increase the effectiveness and the reliability of the network. It also proffers a cumulative resolution of the diverse contributions on wireless mesh network routing protocol and transmission. Adaptation and optimization are carried out on the wireless mesh network designed network using traffic engineering mechanism and technique. The research examines the patterns of mesh packet transmission and evaluates the challenges and failures in the mesh network packet transmission. It develops a solution based algorithm for resolutions and proposes the traffic engineering based solution.. These resultant performances and analysis are usually tested and compared over wireless mesh IEEE802.11n or other older proposed documented solution. This thesis used a carefully designed campus mesh network to show a comparative evaluation of an optimal performance of the mesh nodes and routers over a normal IEE802.11n based wireless domain network to show differentiation by optimization using the created algorithms. Furthermore, the indexes of performance being the metric are used to measure the utility and the reliability, including capacity and throughput at the destination during traffic engineered transmission. In addition, the security of these transmitted data and packets are optimized under a traffic engineered technique. Finally, this thesis offers an understanding to the security contribution using traffic engineering resolution to create a management algorithm for processing and computation of the wireless mesh networks security needs. The results of this thesis confirmed, completed and extended the existing predictions with real measurement