504 research outputs found
Heterogeneous Congestion Control: Efficiency, Fairness and Design
When heterogeneous congestion control protocols that react to different pricing signals (e.g. packet loss, queueing delay, ECN marking etc.) share the same network, the current theory based on utility maximization fails to predict the network behavior. Unlike in a homogeneous network, the bandwidth allocation now depends on router parameters and flow arrival patterns. It can be non-unique, inefficient and unfair. This paper has two objectives. First, we demonstrate the intricate behaviors of a heterogeneous network through simulations and present a rigorous framework to help understand its equilibrium efficiency and fairness properties. By identifying an optimization problem associated with every equilibrium, we show that every equilibrium is Pareto efficient and provide an upper bound on efficiency loss due to pricing heterogeneity. On fairness, we show that intra-protocol fairness is still decided by a utility maximization problem while inter-protocol fairness is the part over which we don¿t have control. However it is shown that we can achieve any desirable inter-protocol fairness by properly choosing protocol parameters. Second, we propose a simple slow timescale source-based algorithm to decouple bandwidth allocation from router parameters and flow arrival patterns and prove its feasibility. The scheme needs only local information
Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Congestion Control: Optimality and Stability
When heterogeneous congestion control protocols
that react to different pricing signals share the same network,
the current theory based on utility maximization fails to predict
the network behavior. The pricing signals can be different types
of signals such as packet loss, queueing delay, etc, or different
values of the same type of signal such as different ECN marking
values based on the same actual link congestion level. Unlike in a
homogeneous network, the bandwidth allocation now depends on
router parameters and flow arrival patterns. It can be non-unique,
suboptimal and unstable. In Tang et al. (“Equilibrium of heterogeneous
congestion control: Existence and uniqueness,” IEEE/ACM
Trans. Netw., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 824–837, Aug. 2007), existence and
uniqueness of equilibrium of heterogeneous protocols are investigated.
This paper extends the study with two objectives: analyzing
the optimality and stability of such networks and designing control
schemes to improve those properties. First, we demonstrate the
intricate behavior of a heterogeneous network through simulations
and present a framework to help understand its equilibrium
properties. Second, we propose a simple source-based algorithm
to decouple bandwidth allocation from router parameters and
flow arrival patterns by only updating a linear parameter in the
sources’ algorithms on a slow timescale. It steers a network to
the unique optimal equilibrium. The scheme can be deployed
incrementally as the existing protocol needs no change and only
new protocols need to adopt the slow timescale adaptation
RED behavior with different packet sizes
We consider the adaptation of random early detection (RED) as a buffer
management algorithm for TCP traffic in Internet gateways where different
maximum transfer units (MTUs) are used. We studied the two RED variants
described in [4] and point out a weakness in both. The first variant where drop
probability is independent from the packet size discriminates connections with
smaller MTUs. The second variant results in a very high packet loss ratio
(PLR), and as a consequence low goodput, for connections with higher MTUs. We
show that fairness in terms of loss and goodput can be supplied through an
appropriate setting of the RED algorithm.Comment: 13 pages, submitted to IEEE symposium on computer communications
(ISCC2000
Network Coded TCP (CTCP) Performance over Satellite Networks
We show preliminary results for the performance of Network Coded TCP (CTCP)
over large latency networks. While CTCP performs very well in networks with
relatively short RTT, the slow-start mechanism currently employed does not
adequately fill the available bandwidth when the RTT is large. Regardless, we
show that CTCP still outperforms current TCP variants (i.e., Cubic TCP and
Hybla TCP) for high packet loss rates (e.g., >2.5%). We then explore the
possibility of a modified congestion control mechanism based off of H-TCP that
opens the congestion window quickly to overcome the challenges of large latency
networks. Preliminary results are provided that show the combination of network
coding with an appropriate congestion control algorithm can provide gains on
the order of 20 times that of existing TCP variants. Finally, we provide a
discussion of the future work needed to increase CTCP's performance in these
networks.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Accepted at SPACOMM 201
Agile-SD: A Linux-based TCP Congestion Control Algorithm for Supporting High-speed and Short-distance Networks
Recently, high-speed and short-distance networks are widely deployed and
their necessity is rapidly increasing everyday. This type of networks is used
in several network applications; such as Local Area Networks (LAN) and Data
Center Networks (DCN). In LANs and DCNs, high-speed and short-distance networks
are commonly deployed to connect between computing and storage elements in
order to provide rapid services. Indeed, the overall performance of such
networks is significantly influenced by the Congestion Control Algorithm (CCA)
which suffers from the problem of bandwidth under-utilization, especially if
the applied buffer regime is very small. In this paper, a novel loss-based CCA
tailored for high-speed and Short-Distance (SD) networks, namely Agile-SD, has
been proposed. The main contribution of the proposed CCA is to implement the
mechanism of agility factor. Further, intensive simulation experiments have
been carried out to evaluate the performance of Agile-SD compared to Compound
and Cubic which are the default CCAs of the most commonly used operating
systems. The results of the simulation experiments show that the proposed CCA
outperforms the compared CCAs in terms of average throughput, loss ratio and
fairness, especially when a small buffer is applied. Moreover, Agile-SD shows
lower sensitivity to the buffer size change and packet error rate variation
which increases its efficiency.Comment: 12 Page
SatERN: a PEP-less solution for satellite communications
In networks with very large delay like satellite IPbased
networks, standard TCP is unable to correctly grab the
available resources. To overcome this problem, Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEPs), which break the end-to-end connection and simulate a receiver close enough to the sender, can be placed before the links with large delay. Although splitting PEPs does not modify the transport protocol at the end nodes, they prevent the use of security protocols such as IPsec. In this paper, we propose solutions to replace the use of PEPs named SatERN. This
proposal, based on Explicit Rate Notification (ERN) protocols over IP, does not split connections and is compliant with IP-in-IP tunneling solutions. Finally, we show that the SatERN solution achieves high satellite link utilization and fairness of the satellite traffic
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