Accurately modeling the on-chip and off-chip GPU memory subsystem

[EN] Research on GPU architecture is becoming pervasive in both the academia and the industry because these architectures offer much more performance per watt than typical CPU architectures. This is the main reason why massive deployment of GPU multiprocessors is considered one of the most feasible solutions to attain exascale computing capabilities. The memory hierarchy of the GPU is a critical research topic, since its design goals widely differ from those of conventional CPU memory hierarchies. Researchers typically use detailed microarchitectural simulators to explore novel designs to better support GPGPU computing as well as to improve the performance of GPU and CPU-GPU systems. In this context, the memory hierarchy is a critical and continuously evolving subsystem. Unfortunately, the fast evolution of current memory subsystems deteriorates the accuracy of existing state-of-the-art simulators. This paper focuses on accurately modeling the entire (both on-chip and off-chip) GPU memory subsystem. For this purpose, we identify four main memory related components that impact on the overall performance accuracy. Three of them belong to the on-chip memory hierarchy: (i) memory request coalescing mechanisms, (ii) miss status holding registers, and (iii) cache coherence protocol; while the fourth component refers to the memory controller and GDDR memory working activity. To evaluate and quantify our claims, we accurately modeled the aforementioned memory components in an extended version of the state-of-the-art Multi2Sim heterogeneous CPUGPU processor simulator. Experimental results show important deviations, which can vary the final system performance provided by the simulation framework up to a factor of three. The proposed GPU model has been compared and validated against the original framework and the results from a real AMD Southern-Islands 7870HD GPU. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work was supported in part by Generalitat Valenciana under grant AICO/2016/059, by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and Plan E funds under Grant TIN2015-66972-C5-1-R, and by Programa de Ayudas de Investigación y Desarrollo (PAID) de la Universitat Politècnica de València .Candel-Margaix, F.; Petit Martí, SV.; Sahuquillo Borrás, J.; Duato Marín, JF. (2018). Accurately modeling the on-chip and off-chip GPU memory subsystem. Future Generation Computer Systems. 82:510-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.02.012S5105198

Improving GPU cache hierarchy performance with a fetch and replacement cache

In the last few years, GPGPU computing has become one of the most popular computing paradigms in high-performance computers due to its excellent performance to power ratio. The memory requirements of GPGPU applications widely differ from the requirements of CPU counterparts. The amount of memory accesses is several orders of magnitude higher in GPU applications than in CPU applications, and they present disparate access patterns. Because of this fact, large and highly associative Last-Level Caches (LLCs) bring much lower performance gains in GPUs than in CPUs. This paper presents a novel approach to manage LLC misses that efficiently improves LLC hit ratio, memory-level parallelism, and miss latencies in GPU systems. The proposed approach leverages a small additional Fetch and Replacement Cache (FRC) that stores control and coherence information of incoming blocks until they are fetched from main memory. Then, fetched blocks are swapped with victim blocks to be replaced in the LLC. After that, the eviction of victim blocks is performed from the FRC. This management approach improves performance due to three main reasons: (i) the lifetime of blocks being replaced is increased, (ii) the main memory path is unclogged on long bursts of LLC misses, and (iii) the average L2 miss delaying latency is reduced. Experimental results show that our proposal increases the performance (OPC) over 25% in most of the studied applications, reaching improvements up to 150% in some applications