Cultivating equality: Advancing Gender Research in Agriculture and Food Systems, 12-15 October 2021 - Conference session descriptions and abstracts

The conference Cultivating Equality focusses on research that helps understand and advance positive synergies among sustainable and resilient agricultural, rural and food systems, and equality in societies globally

\ud Foreign Aid, Child Health, and Health System Development in Tanzania and Uganda, 1995-2009 \ud

As donors have scaled up efforts to improve health in sub-Saharan African, African countries have diverged sharply in their health performance: Some countries have made rapid progress while others have stagnated. Yet the reasons for these divergences are often not well understood. In this dissertation I present in-depth case studies of two such divergent countries, Tanzania and Uganda, over the 1995-2007 period. Over this period, Tanzania reduced its under-5 mortality rate by 35%, while Uganda’s mortality rate decline was less than half as rapid; between 12% and 15% over virtually the same period. This occurred despite the fact that both countries received similar amounts of foreign aid for health, implemented virtually identical health sector reforms, and saw comparable rates of growth in GDP per capita and similar trends in other socioeconomic indicators. Explanations for such differences often vary by academic discipline. Public health scholars often focus on coverage levels of critical child health interventions, while political scientists emphasize variation in the quality of governance institutions. I show that coverage of child survival interventions did indeed differ between Tanzania and Uganda, particularly in the area of malaria control, but that the ultimate determinant of these differences can be traced to political economy factors. Specifically, regime maintenance dynamics and the differing composition of political patronage coalitions in the two countries determined the relative success of health sector programming in Tanzania and Uganda. In addition to outcomes such as under-5 mortality, I also analyze the results of broader health system strengthening efforts in Tanzania and Uganda over the 1995-2009 period. To structure this comparison, a new theoretical framework for health system performance is developed and tested, based on previous theory developed by Pritchett and Woolcock (2002) and Fukuyama (2004). The same political economy dynamics that contributed to Tanzania’s stronger performance on child mortality reduction also enabled its greater progress on health system strengthening. Furthermore, Tanzania’s experience demonstrates the potential for “second best” strategies for health system strengthening that can be implemented in conditions of relatively low state capacity.\u

Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations

This open access book describes recent innovations in food systems based on root, tuber and banana crops in developing countries. These innovations respond to many of the challenges facing these vital crops, linked to their vegetative seed and bulky and perishable produce. The innovations create value, food, jobs and new sources of income while improving the wellbeing and quality of life of their users. Women are often key players in the production, processing and marketing of roots, tubers and bananas, so successful innovation needs to consider gender. These crops and their value chains have long been neglected by research and development, hence this book contributes to filling in the gap. The book features many outcomes of the CGIAR Research Program in Roots, Tubers and Banana (RTB), which operated from 2012-21, encompassing many tropical countries, academic and industry partners, multiple crops, and major initiatives. It describes the successful innovation model developed by RTB that brings together diverse partners and organizations, to create value for the end users and to generate positive economic and social outcomes. RTB has accelerated the scaling of innovations to reach many end users cost effectively. Though most of the book’s examples and insights are from Africa, they can be applied worldwide. The book will be useful for decision makers designing policies to scale up agricultural solutions, for researchers and extension specialists seeking practical ideas, and for scholars of innovation

ABSTRACT BOOK 50th World Conference on Lung Health of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union)

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease is an official journal of The Union. The Journal’s main aim is the continuing education of physicians and other health personnel, and the dissemination of the most up-to-date infor mation in the field of tuberculosis and lung health. It publishes original articles and commissioned reviews not only on the clinical and biological and epidemiological aspects, but also—and more importantly—on community aspects: fundamental research and the elaboration, implementation and assessment of field projects and action programmes for tuberculosis control and the promo tion of lung health. The Journal welcomes articles submitted on all aspects of lung health, including public health-related issues such as training programmes, cost-benefit analysis, legislation, epidemiology, intervention studies and health systems research

Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations

This open access book describes recent innovations in food systems based on root, tuber and banana crops in developing countries. These innovations respond to many of the challenges facing these vital crops, linked to their vegetative seed and bulky and perishable produce. The innovations create value, food, jobs and new sources of income while improving the wellbeing and quality of life of their users. Women are often key players in the production, processing and marketing of roots, tubers and bananas, so successful innovation needs to consider gender. These crops and their value chains have long been neglected by research and development, hence this book contributes to filling in the gap. The book features many outcomes of the CGIAR Research Program in Roots, Tubers and Banana (RTB), which operated from 2012-21, encompassing many tropical countries, academic and industry partners, multiple crops, and major initiatives. It describes the successful innovation model developed by RTB that brings together diverse partners and organizations, to create value for the end users and to generate positive economic and social outcomes. RTB has accelerated the scaling of innovations to reach many end users cost effectively. Though most of the book’s examples and insights are from Africa, they can be applied worldwide. The book will be useful for decision makers designing policies to scale up agricultural solutions, for researchers and extension specialists seeking practical ideas, and for scholars of innovation

Routledge Handbook of Public Policy in Africa

This Handbook provides an authoritative and foundational disciplinary overview of African Public Policy and a comprehensive examination of the practicalities of policy analysis, policymaking processes, implementation, and administration in Africa today. The book assembles a multidisciplinary team of distinguished and upcoming Africanist scholars, practitioners, researchers and policy experts working inside and outside Africa to analyse the historical and emerging policy issues in 21st-century Africa. While mostly attentive to comparative public policy in Africa, this book attempts to address some of the following pertinent questions: • How can public policy be understood and taught in Africa? • How does policymaking occur in unstable political contexts, or in states under pressure? • Has the democratisation of governing systems improved policy processes in Africa? • How have recent transformations, such as technological proliferation in Africa, impacted public policy processes? • What are the underlying challenges and potential policy paths for Africa going forward? The contributions examine an interplay of prevailing institutional, political, structural challenges and opportunities for policy effectiveness to discern striking commonalities and trajectories across different African states. This is a valuable resource for practitioners, politicians, researchers, university students, and academics interested in studying and understanding how African countries are governed

An evaluation of the effect of essential newborn care group motivational interviewing health education delivered in a maternity waiting home setting on the mothers' knowledge and practice and on early neonatal morbidity in rural eastern province of Zambia

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Public Health)The study assesses the effect of the Essential Newborn Care family package health education messages delivered to pregnant mothers and their caregivers by the Safe Motherhood Action Groups members (SMAGs) in a Maternity Waiting Home (MWH) setting, using a client centered education methodology that uses the Group Motivational Interviewing philosophy, on the mothers' Essential Newborn Care (ENC) knowledge, mothers' ENC practice, and early neonatal morbidity. The study also explored the prevailing newborn care practices in the mothers' communities, and the mothers' level of satisfaction of the Essential Newborn Care Group Motivational Interviewing Health Education (ENCGMI HE) sessions

5TH applied research conference in Africa

Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstrac

Forest resources income, poverty and income inequality: evidence from rural households in South-western Nigeria.

This thesis explores economic contributions of forest resources in relation to rural households’ welfare and inequality as well as forest resources management. The thesis consists of an introductory chapter, study locations, literature review on major concepts of the study and findings on different forest extraction activities impacts on rural households livelihood in South-western region Nigeria, which make up the rest of the thesis chapters.Thesis (PhD) (Agric Econs) -- University of Fort Hare, 201