1,191,511 research outputs found
New Geothermal Prospect in North-Eastern Morocco
Geothermal data has been indicating promising
potentialities in the north-eastern Morocco. This paperpresents new temperature data, recently recorded in water borehole located in the Berkane and Oujda areas. Generally,
the observed temperature gradients are rather high. One hole near Berkane, revealed an average geothermal gradient of more than 110 ºC/km at depths greater than 300 m. This
result confirms the geothermal gradient estimated in a mining borehole located about 30 km west of the Berkane borehole, in which water temperatures of 96 ºC are reached at a depth of about 700 m. Such a high geothermal gradient, exceeding by far the ones already determined for northeastern Morocco, could act as a stimulus to programs aimed at the geothermal exploitation of high temperature aquifers
On Linearity of Nonclassical Differentiation
We introduce a real vector space composed of set-valued maps on an open set X
and note it by S. It is a complete metric space and a complete lattice. The set
of continuous functions on X is dense in S as in a metric space and as in a
lattice. Thus the constructed space plays the same role for the space of
continuous functions with uniform convergence as the field of reals plays for
the field of rationals. The classical gradient may be extended in the space S
as a close operator. If a function f belongs to its domain then f is locally
lipschitzian and the values of our gradient coincide with the values of
Clarke's gradient. However, unlike Clarke's gradient, our gradient is a linear
operator.Comment: Sorry, this article is being rewritten. Please email the author to be
informed about its availabilit
Modified conjugated gradient method for diagonalising large matrices
We present an iterative method to diagonalise large matrices. The basic idea
is the same as the conjugated gradient (CG) method, i.e, minimizing the
Rayleigh quotient via its gradient and avoiding reintroduce errors to the
directions of previous gradients. Each iteration step is to find lowest
eigenvector of the matrix in a subspace spanned by the current trial vector and
the corresponding gradient of the Rayleigh quotient, as well as some previous
trial vectors. The gradient, together with the previous trail vectors, play a
similar role of the conjugated gradient of the original CG algorithm. Our
numeric tests indicate that this method converges significantly faster than the
original CG method. And the computational cost of one iteration step is about
the same as the original CG method. It is suitably for first principle
calculations.Comment: 6 Pages, 2EPS figures. (To appear in Phys. Rev. E
Generalized Off-Policy Actor-Critic
We propose a new objective, the counterfactual objective, unifying existing
objectives for off-policy policy gradient algorithms in the continuing
reinforcement learning (RL) setting. Compared to the commonly used excursion
objective, which can be misleading about the performance of the target policy
when deployed, our new objective better predicts such performance. We prove the
Generalized Off-Policy Policy Gradient Theorem to compute the policy gradient
of the counterfactual objective and use an emphatic approach to get an unbiased
sample from this policy gradient, yielding the Generalized Off-Policy
Actor-Critic (Geoff-PAC) algorithm. We demonstrate the merits of Geoff-PAC over
existing algorithms in Mujoco robot simulation tasks, the first empirical
success of emphatic algorithms in prevailing deep RL benchmarks.Comment: NeurIPS 201
Designing spin-spin interactions with one and two dimensional ion crystals in planar micro traps
We discuss the experimental feasibility of quantum simulation with trapped
ion crystals, using magnetic field gradients. We describe a micro structured
planar ion trap, which contains a central wire loop generating a strong
magnetic gradient of about 20 T/m in an ion crystal held about 160 \mu m above
the surface. On the theoretical side, we extend a proposal about spin-spin
interactions via magnetic gradient induced coupling (MAGIC) [Johanning, et al,
J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42 (2009) 154009]. We describe aspects where
planar ion traps promise novel physics: Spin-spin coupling strengths of
transversal eigenmodes exhibit significant advantages over the coupling schemes
in longitudinal direction that have been previously investigated. With a chip
device and a magnetic field coil with small inductance, a resonant enhancement
of magnetic spin forces through the application of alternating magnetic field
gradients is proposed. Such resonantly enhanced spin-spin coupling may be used,
for instance, to create Schr\"odinger cat states. Finally we investigate
magnetic gradient interactions in two-dimensional ion crystals, and discuss
frustration effects in such two-dimensional arrangements.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figure
Solving ill-posed inverse problems using iterative deep neural networks
We propose a partially learned approach for the solution of ill posed inverse
problems with not necessarily linear forward operators. The method builds on
ideas from classical regularization theory and recent advances in deep learning
to perform learning while making use of prior information about the inverse
problem encoded in the forward operator, noise model and a regularizing
functional. The method results in a gradient-like iterative scheme, where the
"gradient" component is learned using a convolutional network that includes the
gradients of the data discrepancy and regularizer as input in each iteration.
We present results of such a partially learned gradient scheme on a non-linear
tomographic inversion problem with simulated data from both the Sheep-Logan
phantom as well as a head CT. The outcome is compared against FBP and TV
reconstruction and the proposed method provides a 5.4 dB PSNR improvement over
the TV reconstruction while being significantly faster, giving reconstructions
of 512 x 512 volumes in about 0.4 seconds using a single GPU
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